<p>Namtok Kaeng Song  is a waterfall and tourist attraction in the Wang Thong district of Phitsanulok Province in Thailand. It is situated on the Wang Thong River near kilometer 45 of Lomsak Road . The falls have small pavilions to accommodate tourists, and concessions are sold on the premises. Tire tubes are also available for swimming in the river near the falls.</p><br>
<h2>Events</h2><br>
<p>In June, 2005, Phitsanulok Province initiated a campaign entitled "Sip Coffee at Kaeng Song, Paddle Along Nam Khek Rapids", and held the first Kaeng Song Coffee Tasting Festival to celebrate the opening of the rafting season as well as to promote a regional specialty, coffee. The next such festival was held from July 7 to the end of October, 2006. In 2001, the festival was held from July 1 to October 31, under the name "Kaeng Song Cafe - Khek river rafting festival."</p><br>
<p>The River Inny  is a river within the Shannon River Basin in Ireland. The Inny is 40 miles  in length</p><br>
<p>It begins as a stream on Patrickstown hill, one of the peaks which form the Loughcrew complex of megalithic tombs, near Oldcastle in County Meath and marks the boundary between Meath and Cavan for about four miles before it enters Lough Sheelin in County Cavan. From Lough Sheelin it forms the boundary between Westmeath and Cavan, and flows under the bridge of Finea into Lough Kinale where counties Cavan and Westmeath meet Longford. From there it forms much of the boundary between Longford and Westmeath but enters Westmeath near Streete and flows into Lough Derravaragh. It then flows near the village of Ballinalack and crosses into County Longford near Abbeyshrule, where the Whitworth aqueduct suspends the Royal Canal above the river, and pumps supply the canal with water. At nearby Tenelick the mythological Princess Eithne drowned in the rapids, giving her name to the river, which powered two mills here for many years. It continues past Newcastle House to Ballymahon, the largest town located on the Inny. It again forms the county line between Longford and Westmeath, flowing westwards into Lough Ree to meet the boundary with County Roscommon. From there it becomes part of the River Shannon, flowing through Athlone to enter the Atlantic Ocean.</p><br>
<p>Monte Cristo Cottage, also known as Eugene ONeill Summer House, was the summer home of acclaimed Irish-American actor James ONeill, and of his family, notably his son , the acclaimed Nobel prize-winning American playwright, Eugene ONeill. A National Historic Landmark, it is located at 325 Pequot Avenue in New London, Connecticut.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>In June 1884, the ONeill family came to New London, Connecticut. James purchased two plots of land on Pequot Avenue for his wife Ellas 27th birthday. The property included a cottage built in the 1840s, which ONeill expanded. It is now a two-story house, three bays wide, with a porch that wraps across the front and around to the north side. A tower with pyramidal roof stands just beyond the porch on the north side. The house was the principal family residence during Eugene ONeills childhood. Long Days Journey into Night particularly reflects members of his own family in the home: characters are unfulfilled, resentful, often emotionally harmful toward one another.</p><br>
<h2>Recent history</h2><br>
<p>The house was declared a National Historic Landmark in 1971 for its association with O&#39;Neill.</p><br>
<p>Today, the house remains owned by the Eugene ONeill Theater Center, which operates it as a historic house museum, furnished to appear as it might have for the setting of Long Days Journey into Night. The house also features exhibits about ONeills life and works, as well as artifacts and memorabilia. Though few of the artifacts in the museum are original to the ONeill family, one exception is the desk in the playwrights bedroom which he used to write his drama Anna Christie, which won him the Pulitzer Prize.</p><br>
<p>Swany White Flour Mills was a small flour mill in Freeport, Minnesota, United States. The miller was Gary Thelen, and the mill had been owned by the Thelen family since 1903. The mill is listed on the National Register of Historic Places as Freeport Roller Mill and Millers House. On Tuesday, December 27, 2011, a fire destroyed the 114-year-old mill. The mill was a total loss. The millers house, built in 1900, remains standing.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>The mill had operated continuously at the same location since 1903, although according to Stearns County, the mill dates to 1898. Swany White Flour Mills had been owned by the Thelen family from its inception. When it was first built, it was powered by steam, and in 1966 it was converted to electricity.</p><br>
<p>When it was built, the mill was one of a number of small mills throughout Minnesota where local farmers could sell their wheat close to home rather than having to ship it to large mills located in Minneapolis. At the mill, they could outright sell their grain or trade raw wheat for ground flour for their own family&#39;s use. The builder of the Swany Mill, Anton Hoeschen, did not intend to run the mill himself. Instead, he saw it as an investment in the community and hoped that he would find a buyer who wanted to be a miller. After several ownership changes in its first few years, the mill was bought in 1903 by Hubert and Peter Thelen, who ran the mill together. They chose the name Swany White for their brand of white flour to suggest that their product was as white as a swan.</p><br>
<p>In 1913, the brothers remodeled the mill, adding a basement and more manufacturing space. The changes made the mill more efficient, and it was able to produce twice as much flour as it had before. After Peter Thelen&#39;s retirement in 1953, his son Walter took over the mill. In 1966, he replaced the steam-driven engine, that the mill had had since it was built, with an electric motor.</p><br>
<p>While other small mills were not able to remain profitable during an era of increased consolidation and a downturn in Minnesota wheat production, Walter Thelen came up with a way to keep the mill profitable by producing a slightly different product. During the 1970s, he persuaded organic growers to produce organic flour, and he made arrangements with specialty bakers in area. His strategy worked, and Swany White Flour was sold in cooperatives and natural foods stores in Minnesota. He also sold flour as far away as the East Coast.</p><br>
<p>In 1980, the mill was placed on the national register of historic places, but it remained a working mill. In 1998, Walters son Gary took over the family business when he bought it from his father. By that time, the Swany White Flour Mill had become a Minnesota landmark. When photographer Richard Olsenius spent time in Freeport looking for places that had inspired Garrison Keillors Lake Wobegon, he photographed Gary Thelen and his mill. Members of local bread clubs would also visit to see how a century-old mill worked.</p><br>
<p>Swany White Mill burned down on December 27, 2011. It took over five surrounding fire agencies to put out the blaze. The fire was reported at 4:48 P.M. by an employee. That night, people gathered all around to watch the historic building burn while holding hands and crying.</p><br>
<h2>Production</h2><br>
<p>For white flour, Swany White had used the same milling equipment since 1913. It had a milling capacity of about 1,000 lb per hour, or 12,000 lb per business day. This was a fraction of the milling capacity of most mills. It is notable that Swany White Flour had continued to operate as a small independent while most other small regional producers have either given up or sold out.</p><br>
<p>For its conventional products, the mill had a commercial presence mainly in the Upper Midwest, however its organic products were distributed more widely. In addition to sales to distributors and retailers, Swany White had a retail outlet at the mill in Freeport. The mills most popular product was a bleached flour sold under the brand name Faiths Best, which accounted for about 60% of all sales.</p><br>
<p>The Oliver Ellsworth Homestead, also known as Elmwood, is a historic house museum at 788 Palisado Avenue in Windsor, Connecticut. Built in 1781, it was the home of the American lawyer and politician Oliver Ellsworth until his death in 1807, and was designated a National Historic Landmark because of this association. Ellsworth  helped draft the United States Constitution, served as the third Chief Justice of the United States, and was a United States Senator from Connecticut. The house is owned and maintained and operated as a museum by the Connecticut Daughters of the American Revolution, and is open for tours upon request.</p><br>
<h2>Description and history</h2><br>
<p>The Ellsworth House stands in northern Windsor, on the east side of Palisado Avenue (Connecticut Route 159), near its junction with Macktown Road. Palisado Avenue is a historically old road, originally serving as the main north-south route on the west bank of the Connecticut River.</p><br>
<p>The house is a 2-1/2 story wood frame structure, with a side gable roof and clapboarded exterior. Its main facade is five bays wide, with a two-bay extension to the south that is recessed beneath a shared roofline supported by Tuscan columns. The original five-bay block has end chimneys. The main entrance is at its center, sheltered by a 19th-century gabled portico. The interior retains features of the late 19th century, including furnishings and decorative materials associated with Oliver Ellsworth and his family.</p><br>
<p>A house was built on this site in 1740 by David Ellsworth, and it is in that house that Oliver Ellsworth was raised. Documentary records show that Oliver Ellsworth, having inherited the property, contracted in 1781 for the construction of a new house on the site of the old, which may have reused some of its elements, including the foundation. His family moved in the following year, and it remained his home until his death in 1807. The two-bay extension to the south was added in 1788, although the roofline and Tuscan columns are a 19th-century alteration.</p><br>
<p>The name Elmwood derives from the thirteen elm trees Ellsworth planted in honor of the thirteen colonies. Elmwood was visited by two sitting Presidents: George Washington (on October 21, 1789) and John Adams (October 3, 1799). The house was occupied by the Ellsworth family until 1903 when it was given to the Connecticut Daughters of the American Revolution. The homestead was restored in the late 1980s and early 1990s and is now a museum. The property includes a meeting hall built in the 1930s, which the DAR make available as a function and event space.</p><br>
<p>The house was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1970, and declared a National Historic Landmark in 1989.</p><br>
<p>Weets Hill is a hill in the West Craven area of Pendle, Lancashire, England.</p><br>
<p>It is 2+1/2 mi south-west of the town of Barnoldswick and is 4 mi north-east of Pendle Hill.</p><br>
<p>The hill was originally part of Yorkshire, but following boundary changes in 1974 it became part of Lancashire.</p><br>
<p>The summit has a Triangulation Pillar and commands views over much of east Lancashire, the north Ribble Valley, north Aire Valley and the Yorkshire Dales.</p><br>
<p>The summit is approximately 250 m above the towns of Barnoldswick, Salterforth, Earby, Kelbrook and Gisburn.</p><br>
<p>Stock Beck originates from the north face of the summit. To the west of the summit lies Gisburn Old Road which is surfaced until it reaches Weets House, from there onwards it is a track over the shoulder of Weets. This road originally ran from Colne to Gisburn but was replaced by the road from Blacko to Gisburn (turnpike) in the 19th century. Weets House was called “Stoops House” on maps until the later part of the 20th century (Stoops were guide posts at junctions on roads crossing open moorland).</p><br>
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<p>The Oliver Wolcott House is a historic colonial home at South Street near Wolcott Avenue in Litchfield, Connecticut. It was built in 1753 by Oliver Wolcott Sr., a signer of the Declaration of Independence and the Articles of Confederation, and a state militia leader in the American Revolutionary War. It is the oldest house in the borough. It was the home of Oliver Wolcott Sr. , and is where his son Oliver Wolcott Jr., was born. Many distinguished guests visited the Wolcott House, including Lafayette and George Washington, who stayed there in 1780 during his first visit to Litchfield. It is located on South Street, nearly opposite to Wolcott Avenue. The house is not open to the public.</p><br>
<h2>Description and history</h2><br>
<p>The Wolcott House is a 2-1/2 story wood frame structure, five bays wide, with a side gable roof and a large central chimney. A 1-1/2 story gambrel-roofed ell extends south from the main block, and a two-story service wing extends to the rear. The main entrance is sheltered by a Federal period pediment supported by fluted columns and topped by a broken-gable pediment.</p><br>
<p>The house was built in 1753 by Oliver Wolcott, Sr., the son of Roger Wolcott, who was the colonial governor of Connecticut at the time of the house&#39;s construction. Wolcott lived in the house until his death in 1797. For most of the 20th century the house was also owned by Wolcott descendants.</p><br>
<p>Oliver Wolcott, Sr. was born in Windsor, Connecticut (in a part that is now South Windsor) in 1726. He graduated from Yale College in 1747 and then studied medicine. He moved to Litchfield in 1751, and quickly became one of its leading citizens, serving as sheriff, judge, and member of the colonial legislature. He was an active supporter of independence in the American Revolution, serving as a delegate to the Continental Congress from 1775 to 1783, during which time he signed the United States Declaration of Independence. He was also active in the state militia, commanding a brigade at the Second Battle of Saratoga in October 1777, and overseeing Connecticut&#39;s defenses later in the war. In 1784 he served on the delegation which negotiated the Treaty of Fort Stanwix with the remains of the Iroquois Confederacy. He served two consecutive partial terms as Governor of Connecticut, from January 1796 (taking over from Samuel Huntington, who died in office), until his own death in office in December 1797.</p><br>
<p>The William P. Hepburn House is a historic house and National Historic Landmark at 321 West Lincoln Street in Clarinda, Iowa. It was home to United States Congressman William P. Hepburn  from about 1867 until his death. Hepburn most significantly introduced the Hepburn Act of 1906, which gave the Federal government the power to set railroad rates, and was an important precedent in Federal regulation of private industry. The house was declared a National Historic Landmark in 1976. It is a private residence, not generally open to the public.</p><br>
<h2>Description and history</h2><br>
<p>The Hepburn house is located in a residential area west of downtown Clarinda, at the northeast corner of West Lincoln and North 19th Streets. The house stands at the top of a rise from which Hepburn would have had a view of the city&#39;s downtown, but it is now hemmed in by trees and residential development. The house is a 2-1/2 story wood frame structure, roughly L-shaped, with a cross-gable roof, clapboard siding, and a brick foundation. Extending north along the eastern facade (the main facade of the building) is a flat-roof veranda, and there is a mansard-roofed tower located at the crook of the L.</p><br>
<p>The house was from 1867 until his death in 1916 the primary residence of William P. Hepburn, and the best-preserved of two residences associated with his political life (the other is a townhouse in Washington, DC). Hepburn, trained as a lawyer and a veteran of the American Civil War, served as member of the United States House of Representatives 1880–1886 and 1892–1908. During the second period he chaired the House Committee on Interstate and Foreign Commerce, and was instrumental in the passage of what became known as the Hepburn Act, groundbreaking legislation that greatly expanded the authority of the Interstate Commerce Commission, especially with regard to railroad rates and fiscal oversight. He also played an important role in authorizing construction of the Panama Canal, and sought to curb the power of the Speaker of the House Joseph G. Cannon.</p><br>
<p>The Prudence Crandall House, also known as Elisha Payne House and as the Prudence Crandall School for Negro Girls, is a historic house museum at the junction of Connecticut Route 14 and 69 in the center of Canterbury, Connecticut. It is notable for having been the home of Prudence Crandall, the abolitionist and educator, and the school for African Americans which she ran from 1832 until 1834 when it was closed by mob violence. The building is now home to the Prudence Crandall Museum. For her brave actions at this home and school, Prudence Crandall is Connecticut&#39;s official state heroine. The house was designated a National Historic Landmark in 1991.</p><br>
<h2>Construction and architecture</h2><br>
<p>The house was built in 1805, and "is a notable example of what has been termed the Canterbury type because of several similar examples in the vicinity. It shows the peculiar roof form of gable on hip with twin chimneys, a triangular pediment at the eaves above a projecting pavilion at center of the facade, which carries a Palladian window lighting the stair hall at second floor level and an elaborate entrance doorway."</p><br>
<p>The main cornice around the entire house includes modillion blocks just above a Greek fret. The two front corners of the house sport "fluted pilasters on high bases", which "also flank the central pavilion, framing also in miniature the elements of the Palladian window, which exhibits keystone arches and Gothic arch muntins in the large section." The Gothic pattern is "repeated in the lunette occupying the tympanum of the roof-line pediment above, which also has modillions and Greek fret under the raking cornice." The Palladian window is the combination window on the 2nd story, including a central large window with over-window plus two narrow side windows, separated by pilasters.</p><br>
<p>The foundation is of dressed stone blocks.</p><br>
<p>Inside, the ornamental fireplace mantel is original, as is the stairway and almost all moldings and other interior elements.</p><br>
<h2>School</h2><br>
<p>The house, on the Canterbury Town Green, was empty and available for sale in 1831, and Crandall purchased the house for $500 down payment plus a $1500 mortgage.</p><br>
<p>It was the site of a girls school run by Prudence Crandall during 1832–1834 that first had all-white students, then Crandall admitted one black girl, which made the school into what is believed to be the first integrated secondary school in the United States. That led to immediate protest and withdrawal of the white girl students. The school was then was closed and reopened as an all-black school, first with three then eventually 24 students, mostly boarding students from out-of-state. The school was challenged locally and in court rulings up to the state supreme court level. The case became a "cause célèbre" nationwide, and was subject of William Lloyd Garrison&#39;s Liberator and other newspaper coverage.</p><br>
<p>The Connecticut legislature passed a "Black Law" in 1833, which prohibited blacks from out-of-state to receive education unless the school&#39;s town specifically allowed it. Undaunted, Crandall proceeded. She was arrested and put in jail over one night in August 1833. Later, after receiving a court ruling in favor of the school, a mob attacked the school with clubs and iron bars, breaking 90 windows on September 9, 1834. Crandall closed the school the next day.</p><br>
<h2>Preservation</h2><br>
<p>The house was surveyed in 1940 by the Historic American Buildings Survey, which termed it the "Elisha Payne House" and also as "Prudence Crandall School for Negro Girls".</p><br>
<p>It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1970.</p><br>
<p>The house was studied in depth in 1981. The study "concluded that there had been only minor changes to the house since the occupancy of Prudence Crandall and that approximately 95% of the structure is unaltered."</p><br>
<p>The building was declared a National Historic Landmark in 1991.</p><br>
<p>It is located within the Canterbury Center Historic District, another listing on the National Register of Historic Places. The house is a museum and includes period rooms, changing exhibits, a small research library (available for in-house study) and a gift shop. It is located at the southeast corner of the junction of Connecticut Route 14 and Connecticut Route 169.</p><br>
<p>Crystal Ballroom, originally built as Cotillion Hall, is a historic building in Portland, Oregon, United States. Cotillion Hall was built in 1914 as a ballroom, and dance revivals were held there through the Great Depression. Starting in the 1960s, the hall has also been host to many popular pop, rock, folk, blues and jazz artists, as well as beat poetry and other entertainment.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>Originally owned by Montrose Ringler, the ballroom fell victim to heavy persecution of jazz and dance and Ringler lost the ballroom in the early 1920s. The ballroom was bought by Dad Watson in the mid-1920s, and largely held square dances during that period. After Watsons death in the 1930s, Ralph Farrier bought the ballroom and renamed it the Crystal Ballroom. He continued in Watsons footsteps, holding square dances through the 1950s.</p><br>
<p>In the early 1960s, due to flagging revenues, new acts were brought in, such as gypsy brass bands and R&B performers, such as James Brown, Marvin Gaye, and Ike & Tina Turner.</p><br>
<p>In 1967, largely psychedelic acts such as the Grateful Dead, Blue Cheer, and The Electric Prunes performed in the ballroom. This was cut short in 1968, due to concerns about what such music was doing to the youth of Portland.</p><br>
<p>From the 1970s through the mid-1990s, the ballroom was not used for any public events. It became a residence for squatters, artists and bohemians, who used it as studio space, and occasionally private invite-only parties were given. In 1979, the building was listed on the National Register of Historic Places as Cotillion Hall.</p><br>
<p>In 1997, the ballroom was re-opened by McMenamins, featuring a bar/restaurant on the first floor, a brewery and a new dance floor on the second floor, and the restored main ballroom on the third floor. The main ballroom features a mechanical "floating" dance floor, thought at the time of its building to be the only one on the West Coast, and is potentially the only one still in existence in the United States.</p><br>
<p>Following the reopening of the Crystal Ballroom in 1997, McMenamins expanded the nearby Crystal Hotel to reflect the historical significance of the Ballroom’s memorable performances. The fifty-one guest rooms at the Crystal Hotel are named after songs or performances from the Crystal Ballroom’s last one hundred years. The hotel also offers pre- and post-show concerts in conjunction with the Ballroom.</p><br>
<p>In 2000 or 2001 a large 20x20 square opening was cut into the center/middle edge of the main ballroom floor to make additional fire exits in order to sell more tickets for live music events. This is potentially the only hole of its kind in a "floating" dance floor still in existence in the United States.</p><br>
<p>There are ballroom dance lessons each Sunday available to the public.</p><br>
<p>During the early hours of April 14, 2014, the ballroom was evacuated during a show by Schoolboy Q due to a possible crack in a support beam.</p><br>
<h3>Urban legend concerning Jimi Hendrix</h3><br>
<p>An urban legend in the Portland area purports that on April 5, 1965, Little Richard fired guitarist Jimi Hendrix onstage during a concert at the ballroom, allegedly for lack of skill. This alleged incident has been played up in marketing literature for the ballroom published by McMenamins. It is known that Little Richard did play the Crystal on that date, and that Hendrix was in his touring band for much of 1965. In addition, the two men did have a rocky relationship, with Hendrix leaving and rejoining the tour several times. However, there is no documented evidence that Hendrix played with Little Richard on that particular date, or that Little Richard fired any musicians onstage that day (Hendrix or otherwise). In addition, Hendrix would appear with Little Richard at shows in other cities later that same month, and he had a well-established reputation as a guitarist by that point in his career.</p><br>
<h2>Facilities</h2><br>
<p>The Crystal Ballroom—the third floor of the building—has high ceilings, a balcony, grand chandeliers, murals, and wide floor-to-ceiling arched windows.</p><br>
<p>The room can be rented for group meetings of up to 1,000 people or, in concert configuration, up to 1500 standing persons or 850 seated.</p><br>
<p>The Silas Deane House is a historic house museum at 203 Main Street in Wethersfield, Connecticut. Built in 1766, this National Historic Landmark was the home of Silas Deane , the first foreign diplomat for the United States.</p><br>
<h2>Description and history</h2><br>
<p>The Deane house is a two story wood frame structure, four bays wide, with two asymmetrically placed interior chimneys, and a two-story ell extending to the rear. The main entry, in the second bay from the right, is flanked by pilasters and topped by a crowned and dentillated pediment. The interior features original woodwork, including pilasters and fully paneled fireplaces, and an elaborate stairway balustrade.</p><br>
<p>The house was built in 1766 by Silas Deane. Trained as a lawyer, Deane became involved in resistance to attempts by the British Parliament to levy taxes on its colonies in the late 1760s, and was elected to the Second Continental Congress in 1775. Deane was selected in March 1776 by that Congress to represent it in dealings with the Kingdom of France. Deane successfully negotiated the secret agreement by which France supported the nascent United States prior to its formal entry into the American Revolutionary War in 1778, after signing a formal treaty of alliance negotiated by a commission that included Deane. He later became disenchanted with the rebel cause, and died in exile in Europe.</p><br>
<p>In 1959, Deane&#39;s house was donated to The National Society of the Colonial Dames of America in Connecticut and in 1963–1965, it was restored. It is now open as part of the Webb-Deane-Stevens Museum and includes original furniture and portraits of Deane and his second wife. The Webb-Deane-Stevens Museum also owns the adjacent 18th-century Joseph Webb House and the Isaac Stevens House in Old Wethersfield, and also operates the nearby Buttolph–Williams House, which is owned by Connecticut Landmarks.</p><br>
<p>The house was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1970, and was declared a National Historic Landmark in 1972.</p><br>
<p>The Huntington Homestead, also known as the Samuel Huntington Birthplace, is a historic house museum and National Historic Landmark at 36 Huntington Road  in Scotland, Connecticut. Built in the early 18th century, it was the birthplace and boyhood home of Samuel Huntington , an American statesman. He served as a delegate to the Continental Congress, where he signed the Declaration of Independence, served as Governor of Connecticut, and was also the first presiding officer of the Congress of the Confederation, the first central government of the United States of America.</p><br>
<h2>Description and history</h2><br>
<p>The Huntington house is a 2-1/2 story wood-frame structure, five bays wide, with a side gable roof and large central chimney. The roof at the rear of the house slopes down to the first floor, giving the house a classic New England saltbox appearance. A small kitchen wing was added to the east side of the house in the 19th century. The interior has a typical Georgian central-chimney plan, with a vestibule and narrow winding stair in front of the chimney, public rooms to either side, and a large kitchen and small bedroom behind. Upstairs there are three bedrooms. The interior features, including woodwork and plaster, are almost entirely original. The house was built sometime in the first quarter of the 18th century.</p><br>
<p>The house was declared a National Historic Landmark and listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1971. In 1994 The Governor Samuel Huntington Trust was formed by local citizens to preserve the property. Since 1998 the trust has worked to restore and rehabilitate the property, and has sponsored archaeological work to understand its use. The trust operates it as a historic house museum, open for tours from May through October on the first and third Saturday of the month.</p><br>
<h2>Significance</h2><br>
<p>Samuel Huntington was born in this house in 1731, when the area was still part of Windham. He was self-educated in the law, and was admitted to the bar in 1758. Prior to the American Revolution, Huntington practiced law and served in a variety of legal positions in the Connecticut Colony, including Kings attorney, judge, and justice of the peace. He sat in the Connecticut State Legislature from 1775 to 1784, and also sat in the Continental Congress during those same years, serving as the bodys president between 1779 and 1781. As a member of the Congress in 1776 he signed the United States Declaration of Independence. He was Governor of Connecticut from 1786 to 1796, the year of his death.</p><br>
<p>The Stanley-Whitman House is a historic house museum at 37 High Street in Farmington, Connecticut. Built c. 1720, it is one of the oldest houses in Farmington. A well-preserved saltbox with post-medieval construction features, it was designated a National Historic Landmark in 1960.</p><br>
<h2>Architecture</h2><br>
<p>The Stanley-Whitman House is the fourth-oldest existent structure and the oldest eighteenth-century structure in modern day Farmington. A centrally located chimney made of field and sand stone divides the house into two symmetrical halves. The original c. 1720 house had four rooms and a third-storey attic space. Family members lived, worked, and entertained in the Parlor and Kitchen on the ground floor and the Parlor Chamber and Kitchen Chamber on the second floor. When second owner Solomon Whitman added a lean-to onto the existing room-over-room 3-storey building in the mid-eighteenth century, he expanded his family&#39;s living space and extended the roof line to create the classic saltbox silhouette for which Stanley-Whitman House is famous. The house was constructed in the framed overhang style, in which the second storey extends 18 in over the first storey. Four drop pendants, carved directly from wooden beams in the framework of the house, ornament the overhang; two of these are still original while the other two are reproductions.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>Captain John Stanley (1624–1706) acquired the property where the Stanley-Whitman House would later stand sometime in the early eighteenth century.</p><br>
<p>Stanley later bequeathed the property to his son Deacon John Stanley (1647–1729), then acting leader of Farmington&#39;s First Congregational Church.</p><br>
<p>The younger John Stanley commissioned the construction of a "Dwelling house" on his new property between 1709 and 1719. It is likely that the younger John Stanley never inhabited the house, having soon thereafter sold the partially finished structure and six acres of land to Ebenezer Steele (1671–1722) in December 1720.</p><br>
<p>When Steele died several years later, daughter Mary Steele (1706–1789) inherited the house.</p><br>
<p>In 1725, 18-year-old Mary and her 25-year-old husband Thomas Smith (1699–1788?) moved in, becoming its first occupants. In addition to farming a lot along the fertile banks of the Farmington River, Smith was also a professional weaver. His account book (currently in the collection of the Connecticut Historical Society Museum and Library) provides information about the types, patterns, and cost of the textiles he produced during his lifetime.</p><br>
<p>While occupying the homestead, Thomas and Mary Smith had five of their eventual 12 children. In 1735, the Smiths sold the house to Reverend Samuel Whitman (1676–1751) for £160.</p><br>
<p>Reverend Whitman allowed his son Solomon (1710–1803) and new bride Susannah Cole Whitman (1715–1772) to reside in the homestead on Back Lane, as eighteenth-century High Street was then known, until officially transferring ownership of the house to his son in 1746.</p><br>
<p>Solomon Whitman was a farmer and shoemaker. He also served as town clerk, justice of the peace, and probate judge in the village of Farmington. Whitman sat at the Hartford assembly and oversaw the towns first subscription library. In 1772, six months after his wife Susannahs death, Solomon relocated to Main Street, although his descendants continued to occupy the house until 1922.</p><br>
<p>Whitman descendant Henry Farnam, nephew of Yale University economics professor Henry Walcott Farnam (1853–1933), inherited the house in 1886.</p><br>
<p>Working in tandem with his grandmother Ann Sophia Whitman (1816–1901), the younger Farnam commissioned architect Leoni W. Robinson (1851–?) to restore the 166-year-old house sometime between 1900 and 1910.</p><br>
<p>Among other changes, Robinson likely added the concrete ell space to the mid-eighteenth-century lean-to. In 1922, Henry Farnam sold the house to town benefactor Danford Newton Barney III (1859–1936) for $1.</p><br>
<p>Barney had previously funded the construction of a town library and maintenance of the historic town green; his next philanthropic project entailed converting Stanley-Whitman House into a museum. The official transformation of house to museum would be complete by 1935.</p><br>
<p>Before this stage, Barney&#39;s son Austin (1896–1971) and wife Katherine (1890–1978) moved into the house in 1924.</p><br>
<p>The pair employed J. Frederick Kelly (1888–1947), a prominent architectural historian from New Haven, to supervise the restoration of the house in 1934. Kelly installed seventeenth-century style casement windows, replaced wall sheathing and floors, and even reversed the orientation of the first-floor staircase to return the house to its "original" colonial appearance. Kelly, along with everyone else, erroneously dated the house to 1660, a misconception that affected its restoration under Kelly&#39;s direction. This error was discovered and corrected in the 1980s.</p><br>
<h2>Museum</h2><br>
<p>In September 1935, Austin Barney transferred his ownership of the Stanley-Whitman House to the Farmington Village Green and Library Association.</p><br>
<p>FVGLA intended that the Farmington Museum, as the Stanley-Whitman House was then known, would be "used a museum or educational purposes." The Barney family later donated $35,000 to a fund supporting the museum. The Farmington Museum originally housed an array of Indian artifacts and colonial antiques mostly collected by former owner Katherine Barney.</p><br>
<p>In 1960 the Stanley-Whitman House was designated a National Historic Landmark. Over a twenty-year period beginning in the 1970s, museum administrators reevaluated the documentary history, mission, interpretation, and even the name of the historic house. A committee led by historian Abbott Lowell Cummings, with other historians and museum professionals, looked more closely at architectural elements of the house, uncovering evidence of both original structures and more recent alterations.</p><br>
<p>Researchers revisited primary source material, both confirming and refuting previously-held beliefs about the house and its occupants. A Yale University-led archaeological team examined the area surrounding the historic house, unearthing animal bones, pipe fragments, coins, and hundreds of other objects. The museum committee also discussed how to best interpret the 291-year-history of the Stanley-Whitman House. They decided to furnish the historic house to reflect two time periods: 1725 to 1735, when the Smiths occupied the house, and 1736–1772, when the first generation of Whitmans resided there.</p><br>
<p>The house is now marketed as a "living history center and museum that teaches through the collection, preservation, research, and dynamic interpretation of the history and culture of early Farmington. Programs, events, classes, and exhibits encourage visitors of all ages to immerse themselves in history by doing, acting, questioning, and engaging in Colonial life and the ideas that formed the foundation of that culture."</p><br>
<p>Besides offering docent-led and self-guided tours of the historic house, visitors to the Stanley-Whitman House can participate in adult and children&#39;s programs, cooking demonstrations, walking tours, and other special events. Visitors can also view modern artist installations in the Speare Classroom, conduct genealogical or local history research in the Kenneth Johnson Research Library, walk around the grounds, and enjoy the seventeenth- and eighteenth-century reproduction flower, plant, and herb gardens.</p><br>
<p>The Stephen Tyng Mather Home is a historic house and National Historic Landmark at 19 Stephen Mather Road in Darien, Connecticut. It is significant as the longtime family home Stephen Tyng Mather , an industrialist and conservationist who championed the creation of the National Park Service in 1916 and served as its first director. The main house was built in 1778 by his great grandfather, Deacon Mather. Stephen Mather often lived elsewhere, but regarded this house as his true home.</p><br>
<h2>Description and building history</h2><br>
<p>The Mather homestead was built in 1778 by Deacon Joseph Moses Mather. The house he built was a 2-1/2 story wood frame structure, five bays wide, with a side gable roof and a central chimney. The interior layout includes a dining room and parlor beside the chimney, and a kitchen behind, flanked by two smaller rooms in the rear corners. The upstairs had a similar layout, with two rooms in front and a large unfinished space in the rear. This unfinished space was converted into bedrooms and a bathroom at an unknown date before its ownership passed to Stephen Tyng Mather in 1906.</p><br>
<p>Mather made a number of alterations, giving the house a more Colonial Revival appearance. In 1927, based on designs by architect Thomas Harlan Ellett, he added a porch on the side and a two story addition to the rear, and added the portico over the main entrance. The interior of the main block retained its original character through these changes, but the old kitchen space was converted into a living room. Mather also had a sunken garden built, along with a caretaker&#39;s cottage (replaced later by a guest house) and a carriage barn.</p><br>
<p>The house was declared a National Historic Landmark in 1963, and was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1966. The landmark includes three adjacent land parcels owned by Mather, plus a</p><br>
<p>the family cemetery in which Mather is buried.</p><br>
<h2>Significance</h2><br>
<p>Stephen Tyng Mather was born in California, educated at the University of California, and was a successful industrialist in the manufacture and processing of borax. He became interested in the condition of the nation&#39;s parks and public lands in 1904, expressing his concern in a letter to his friend Franklin Lane, the United States Secretary of the Interior. Lane responded by offering him a government post overseeing the parks, which Mather accepted in 1915. His lobbying of legislators and the press was instrumental in raising the profile of the park system, and resulted in the formal establishment of the National Park Service in 1916 with Mather as its director. Mather oversaw the establishment of the services policies and practices, as well as the addition of numerous parks into the system. He retired in 1929 and died the following year.</p><br>
<p>The William Williams House is a historic house in Lebanon, Connecticut, at the junction of Connecticut Routes 87 and 207. A National Historic Landmark, it is significant as the residence, from 1755 until his death, of William Williams , who was a delegate from Connecticut to the Continental Congress and a signer of the USA Declaration of Independence. It is a well-preserved and little-altered colonial-era house.</p><br>
<h2>Description and history</h2><br>
<p>The Williams house is a 2-1/2 story wood frame structure, five bays wide and two deep, with a side gable roof, twin interior chimneys, and clapboard siding. Its main entrance, centered on the front facade has a Greek Revival surround, with sidelight windows and pilasters flanking the door, topped by a cornice with a carved elliptical arch. A single-story ell extends to the rear of the house. The interior follows a center hall plan, and retains original features, including fireplace mantels (although most of the fireplaces have been closed up), and wide pine flooring.</p><br>
<p>The house&#39;s construction date and original owner are not known. It was purchased in 1748 by Reverend Solomon Williams, who gave it to his son William in 1755. William (born 1731) was trained at Harvard College, and saw provincial militia duty in the French and Indian War in 1755. He settled in Lebanon that year, and embarked on career as a merchant, jurist, and politician. He served in the provincial assembly 1757-76 and the state legislature 1781-84. He was a steadfast supporter of independence during the American Revolution, working closely with his father-in-law, Lebanon native and Governor of Connecticut Jonathan Trumbull. Williams personally funded Connecticut militia that captured Fort Ticonderoga in 1775. He was elected to the Second Continental Congress, where he signed the United States Declaration of Independence and the Articles of Confederation. He was a delegate to the 1788 state convention that ratified the United States Constitution.</p><br>
<p>Williams house was also directly involved in the war effort during the revolution. In the winter of 1780-81, the French cavalry forces of Lauzuns Legion were stationed in Lebanon. Williams house was allotted to Lauzuns second-in-command, Robert Dillon, during this time.</p><br>
<p>The house was declared a National Historic Landmark and listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1971.</p><br>
<p>The Baffin Mountains are a mountain range running along the northeastern coast of Baffin Island and Bylot Island, Nunavut are part of the Arctic Cordillera. The ice-capped mountains are some of the highest peaks of eastern North America, reaching a height of 1,525 - above sea level. While they could be considered a single mountain range as they are separated by bodies of water to make Baffin Island, this is not true, as they are closely related to the other mountain ranges that make the much larger Arctic Cordillera mountain range.</p><br>
<h2>Terrain</h2><br>
<p>The highest point is Mount Odin at 2,147 m while Mount Asgard at 2,015 m is perhaps the most famous. The highest point in the northern Baffin Mountains is Qiajivik Mountain at 1,963 m. There are no trees in the Baffin Mountains because the mountains are north of the Arctic tree line. Rocks that comprise the Baffin Mountains are primarily deeply dissected granitic rocks. It was covered with ice until about 1500 years ago, and vast parts of it are still ice-covered. Geologically, the Baffin Mountains form the eastern edge of the Canadian Shield, which covers much of Canada&#39;s landscape.</p><br>
<h2>Glaciation</h2><br>
<p>The ranges of the Baffin Mountains are separated by deep fjords and glaciated valleys with many spectacular glacial and ice-capped mountains. The snowfall in the Baffin Mountains is light, much less than in places like the Saint Elias Mountains in southeastern Alaska and southwestern Yukon which are plastered with snow.</p><br>
<p>The largest ice cap in the Baffin Mountains is the Penny Ice Cap, which has an area of 6,000 km&sup2;. During the mid-1990s, Canadian researchers studied the glacier&#39;s patterns of freezing and thawing over centuries by drilling ice core samples.</p><br>
<h2>Flora and fauna</h2><br>
<p>The dominant vegetation in the Baffin Mountains is a discontinuous cover of mosses, lichens and cold-hardy vascular plants such as sedge and cottongrass.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>One of the first mountaineering expeditions in the Baffin Mountains was in 1934 by J.M Wordie, in which two peaks called Pioneer Peak and Longstaff Tower were climbed.</p><br>
<p>The Auyuittuq National Park was established in 1976. It features many of Arctic wilderness, such as fjords, glaciers and ice fields. In Inuktitut - the language of Nunavut&#39;s Aboriginal people, Inuit - Auyuittuq means "the land that never melts". Although Auyuittuq was established in 1976 as a national park reserve, it was upgraded to a full national park in 2000.</p><br>
<p>There were Inuit settlements in the Baffin Mountains before European contact. The first European contact is believed to have been by Norse explorers in the 11th century, but the first recorded sighting of Baffin Island was Martin Frobisher during his search for the Northwest Passage in 1576.</p><br>
<p>Thomas Bay is located in southeast Alaska. It lies northeast of Petersburg, Alaska and the Baird Glacier drains into the bay. Thomas Bay is also known as "The Bay of Death" due to a massive landslide in 1750. It also has gained the name of "Devil&#39;s Country" when in 1900 several people claimed to have seen devil creatures in the area.</p><br>
<p>The bay is named for USA Navy officer Charles M. Thomas.</p><br>
<h2>Natural history</h2><br>
<p>Thomas Bay is known for being rich in gold and quartz. The wildlife has moose, brown bears, black bears, squirrels, wolves, rabbits, and other common Alaskan creatures. The land has been used for logging.</p><br>
<h2>Bay of Death</h2><br>
<p>In 1750, a native (Tlingit) village on Thomas Bay was completely buried by a large landslide. Over 500 native people died in the natural disaster. From that day on the bay was dubbed "The Bay of Death" or "Geey Nana" in Tlingit.</p><br>
<h2>Devil's country</h2><br>
<p>In 1900, the first documented account of the legendary devil creatures was written by Harry D. Colp. Harry Colp and three of his prospecting friends who are simply known as Charlie, John, and Fred, were staying in Wrangell, Alaska. As the story goes, Charlie received word from a native local of an area to mine for gold.</p><br>
<p>He told me to go up to Thomas Bay* and camp on Patterson River on the right side, travel upriver for about eight miles and then turn to the high mountains, and after traveling about a mile and a half, I would find a lake shaped like a half-moon.</p><br>
<p>Charlie went to check out the native man&#39;s story of the gold that was to be found in the mountains in May 1900. By the time he returned, June 1900, he arrived without a coat or his hat, and his canoe was empty, except for a large piece of quartz.</p><br>
<h3>Moon Lake and the Devil Creatures</h3><br>
<p>Charlie claimed to have arrived in Thomas Bay, but couldnt find the half-moon shaped lake. Instead he spent some time off an S&#39; shaped lake (actually called Ess Lake). He claimed that the surrounding area seemed oddly void of life. There were no squirrels, no birds, etc. Wanting to get his bearings after he found his large chunk of quartz, he climbed to the top of a ridge. From there he could spot Frederick Sound, Cape of the Straight Light, the point of Vanderput Spit (Point Vanderput), and Sukhoi Island from the mouth of Wrangell Narrows. Behind the ridge, Charlie finally spotted the half-moon shaped lake, which is where the Patterson Glacier turns into a lake that turns into Patterson River.</p><br>
<p>It was from this point that Charlie claims that a swarm of devil creatures were making their way up the ridge from the half-moon shaped lake. Charlie claimed that he barely managed to outrun the strange creatures. He received several scratches along his back from the creatures. He never returned to the area.</p><br>
<h3>Strangest Story Ever</h3><br>
<p>The people who have had encounters with these creatures seem to go into hysterics and are usually deemed temporarily insane. The creatures have always been described as looking neither like man or monkey, but covered with coarse hair and oozing sores. They are foul smelling. They are about four feet tall and have claw-like fingers.</p><br>
<p>In 1925, a trapper reported losing a dog in the hills there, but finding strange tracks, with the hind feet resembling a cross between a bears and a humans footprints. The trapper returned later to find the traps, he had hastily left, some were sprung, some weren&#39;t. Some were destroyed. He took out to try to find his dog, and was never seen again.</p><br>
<p>Taken from the book "The Strangest Story Ever Told" Harry D. Colp</p><br>
<p>In 1974 Harry Colps daughter Virginia was interviewed by writer Irving Warner in Petersburg, Alaska. She was sure of the basic veracity of her fathers narrative regards how he saw and lived it. She could and would not say whether it was true, false or some sort of mental aberration. She did, however, have confidence in her father&#39;s abilities and truthfulness. She had helped her father in the production of the story, and was extremely familiar with it. Naturally, she had fielded many questions about it afterwards. She did say, that large amounts of arsenic were alleged to be present in the watershed there, which might or might not go some distance to explain strange events happening to visitors. (addition by I.W.)</p><br>
<p>The Canal des Pangalanes is a canal that consists of a series of natural rivers, waterways and man-made lakes that extends for over 645 km and runs down the east coast of Madagascar from Mahavelona to Farafangana. It is used primarily for transportation and fishing, and it has unspoiled natural beaches that are visited by tourists. An initial area of the canal in Toamasina  is straight, while subsequent areas have curves, lagoons, connected lakes and swamps. Construction efforts began during the era of the Merina monarchy, with major expansion during the French colonial period between 1896 and 1904, and additional expansion during 1949–1957. Construction has included the manual cutting and removal of outcrops to connect previously unconnected areas.</p><br>
<h2>Construction</h2><br>
<p>Initial expansion and maintenance of Canal des Pangalanes during the time of the Merina monarchy (c. 1540–1897), involved cutting through outcrops to connect areas. Significant expansions of the canal were undertaken by France with the support of Joseph Gallieni during the French colonial period between 1896 and 1904 to increase trade, provide a means to supply troops that were located inland, and to provide a safe route for cargo boats destined for Toamasina compared to traveling along the coast of the Indian Ocean. By 1901, an uninterrupted canal existed between Toamasina and Andevoranto, which extended 95 km.</p><br>
<p>Additional construction from 1949 to 1957, cost over 800 million CFA francs to complete. Part of this project included the 570 million CFA franc construction of a river port at Toamasina and improvements to the canal for 30 km from Toamasina to south of Ivondro, which was completed in 1953.</p><br>
<p>Further work after World War II enabled 30-ton barges to travel between Tamatave and Vatomandry, a distance of 160 km.</p><br>
<p>A study in the 1950s regarding extending the canal for an additional 30 km from Ivondro to Manakara found that the cost would have been at least 1,400 million CFA francs. This proposal was shelved, due to concerns about the high construction costs when the trade between the two areas was low relative to these costs. Population growth not attaining expected numbers in the areas during this time was a factor in the rejection of this extension. Additional objections to this expansion came from businesspeople in Toamasina and Manakara, who voiced concerns about the potential to lose trade at the port of Toamasina. Large navigation companies opposed this extension, to protect the high fees they imposed for cargo loading and unloading at auxiliary ports on the east coast.</p><br>
<h2>Use</h2><br>
<p>Canal des Pangalanes is used by local people: Some of them use canoes for travel and make their homes along its banks. Ferries run up and down navigable areas transporting items such as wood, charcoal, dried fish and other produce. Many local people rely upon the canal for and, for some of them, it is their only means of travel. The canal provides fish for the locals, and cassava is grown along its banks. Coffee factories exist along the canal. Some areas have white, sandy beaches.</p><br>
<p>A floating museum comprising a library was established in 1999 with the University of Toamasina and the University of Fianarantsoa with the collaboration of the University of Madagascar&#39;s Museum of Art and Archaeology operated by the University of Antananarivo.</p><br>
<h2>1980s renovations</h2><br>
<p>After use of the canal decreased, a large project in the 1980s restored and renovated it. The rehabilitation project included dredging areas overrun with silt, the operation of a cargo service enabled by the purchase of a fleet of tug barges, and the construction of warehouses. By 2011 the tug barges were observed to be no longer in use and the warehouses were empty. The tug barges are stored near the pier in Toamasina, where they are rotting.</p><br>
<h2>Pollution</h2><br>
<p>An oil refinery south of Toamasina contributes to pollution in that area of the canal, as evidenced by hyacinths covered with grey-colored slime.</p><br>
<p>The Denmark River is located in the Great Southern region of Western Australia. The river rises near Pardelup and meanders in a southerly direction until it flows through Denmark into Wilson Inlet . The traditional owners of the area are the Noongar people, who know the river as Kwoorabup, meaning the place of the Western brush wallaby .</p><br>
<p>The river was named in December 1829 by naval ship&#39;s surgeon Thomas Braidwood Wilson after his mentor, naval surgeon Alexander Denmark, Physician of the Fleet, Resident Physician at the Royal Hospital Haslar, and past-Physician to the Mediterranean Fleet. Wilson discovered the river while exploring the area in company of the native Mokare, John Kent (officer in charge of the Commissariat at King George Sound), two convicts and Private William Gough of the 39th Regiment, while his ship the Governor Phillips was being repaired at King George Sound.</p><br>
<p>A surveyor noted in 1833 that the local aborigines, the Noongar, called the river "Koorrabup" meaning "place of the black swan".</p><br>
<p>The river flows through Denmark Pipehead Dam. The two tributaries of the river are Scotsdale Brook and Cleerillup Creek.</p><br>
<p>The southern portion of the river was protected under a management plan of the Denmark Shire Council in 2011. The ceremonial site has been used by Noongar people for over 10,000 years as a place of dance, song, marriage preparation, initiation and food gathering. The area has high cultural significance due largely to its totemic significance and creation by the Wagyl in the Dreaming.</p><br>
<h2>Salinity</h2><br>
<p>Historically the Denmark Rivers water quality declined as a result of land clearing in the catchment area since European settlement. It is estimated that 40% of the rivers upper catchment area was cleared and as a result salinity levels increased from 40 mg/L in the 1940s to a peak of 1520 mg/L in 1987 at the Mt Lindesay gauging station.</p><br>
<p>In 2004 it was announced that salinity levels in the river were decreasing, believed to be the first major river in Australia that had shown a reversal in salinity trends, and that it is possible that the river could provide drinking quality water in the future.</p><br>
<p>By 2012 average annual salinity levels had dropped to 470 mg/L, below World Health Organization guidelines for drinking water for the first time in nearly 40 years. The improved water quality means Denmark Dam has been returned as a drinking water source and back-up water supply for Denmark.</p><br>
<p>The drop in salinity is mainly attributed to the revegetation of previously cleared farmland with Tasmanian blue gum plantations.</p><br>
<p>Silver Lake is a 640 acre lake in Pembroke, Kingston, and Plympton, Massachusetts, south of Route 27 and east of Route 36. The Pembroke/Plympton town line is entirely within the lake, and a portion of the western shoreline of the lake is the town line with Halifax. The lake is the principal water supply for the City of Brockton, whose water treatment plant is on Route 36 in Halifax. The inflow of the pond is Tubbs Meadow Brook, and the pond is the headwaters of the Jones River. Occasionally water is diverted into Silver Lake from Monponsett Pond in Halifax and Furnace Pond in Pembroke  whenever there is a water shortage. Access to the pond is through Silver Lake Sanctuary, a 92 acre property where one can walk, hike and fish, which is located at the end of Barses Lane, off Route 27 in Kingston.</p><br>
<h2>Silver Lake village</h2><br>
<p>Silver Lake is also the name of a village southeast of the lake in Kingston at the intersection of Grove Street and Lake Street, near the Kingston/Plympton town line {{coord|42|00|15|N|70|47|37|W|type:city_region:US-MA_source:gnis}}. Silver Lake Regional High School is located north of the village on Route 27.</p><br>
<p>Gavrinis  is a small island, situated in the Gulf of Morbihan in Brittany, France. It contains the Gavrinis tomb, a megalithic monument notable for its abundance of megalithic art in the European Neolithic. Administratively, it is part of the commune of Larmor-Baden.</p><br>
<h2>Geography</h2><br>
<p>Reachable by boat from the town of Larmor-Baden, the island of Gavrinis is uninhabited. Located near the opening of Morbihan Gulf to the Atlantic Ocean, the island is basically a granite rock outcrop of 750 x 400m dimensions. Its highest point dominates much of the surrounding area.</p><br>
<h2>Name</h2><br>
<p>The name Gavrinis is popularly believed to be derived from the Breton words gavr (goat) and enez (island), thus suggesting a meaning as "goat island". This is probably a false etymology. In documents dating to 1184 and 1202, the island is named as Guirv Enes and Guerg Enes, respectively. The old Breton word Guerg is not related to gavr, but to parallels like Gaul gwery, or Old Irish ferg, signifying "wrath".</p><br>
<h2>The Gavrinis passage tomb</h2><br>
<h3>Importance</h3><br>
<p>The island is famous because of its important passage grave, a megalithic monument from the Neolithic period, belonging to the same broad context as the Breton megaliths of Carnac and Locmariaquer, and closely connected with the monuments at Brú na Boínne (Ireland) and Maes Howe (Orkney). At the time of its construction, c. 3500 BC, the island was still connected with the mainland. The rich internal decorations make Gavrinis one of the major treasuries of European megalithic art. The tomb is also remarkable for the care taken in its construction and its good preservation.</p><br>
<h3>History of research</h3><br>
<p>The first excavations took place in 1835, when the internal chamber was discovered. Further research was undertaken by the archaeologist Zacharie Le Rouzic who began restoration work around 1930. Further works took place in the 1960s and 1970s. Charles-Tanguy Leroux, former Director of Breton Antiquities, undertook studies and consolidation works in the 1980s. Further excavation is in the planning stages.</p><br>
<h3>Date</h3><br>
<p>The tomb was built relatively late within the French megalithic sequence. Its use ceased around 3000 BC. At that time, the light wooden structures cladding its entrance were burnt, after which part of the mound collapsed, obscuring and blocking the passage. A layer of windblown sand transformed the monument into a simple hillock.</p><br>
<h3>The cairn</h3><br>
<p>The stone mound has a diameter of about 50m. The mass of stones forming the cairn is internally structured by a series of walls, subdividing it into separate "ranks". It is a characteristic example of Neolithic dry stone architecture.</p><br>
<h3>The chamber</h3><br>
<p>The mound covers a single rectangular (nearly square) slab-built burial chamber, located at the centre of the mound and measuring about 2.5m across. The chamber is built of about 50 carefully placed slabs. The biggest of these is the ceiling slab which weighs nearly 17 tons. Such simple dolmen-type chambers, reached by passages, were very common in Brittany between 4500 and 3000 BC. At the same time, similar monuments were constructed in Normandy and Poitou, in Ireland, Britain and the Iberian Peninsula.</p><br>
<h3>The passage and its art</h3><br>
<p>The chamber is reached from outside by a 14m long corridor or passage. Of the 29 orthostat slabs that form the sides of the passage, 23 are decorated with carved symbols and patterns. Some of the symbols appear to represent non-abstract objects, like axes and croziers or staffs. A common horn-like motif may symbolise cattle, a shape conventionally called the shield may be a very stylised human figure. More abstract motifs include zigzag lines, lozenges and snake-like lines.</p><br>
<h3>Reuse of stones</h3><br>
<p>In 1984, it was discovered that the external side of some slabs, now covered by cairn material, is also decorated, but in a different style from their internal face. This decoration must have been applied before the cairn was erected. Archaeologists suspect that at least a number of those slabs may be in secondary use, having formed part of earlier monuments elsewhere. Most strikingly, the top of the chamber&#39;s ceiling slab bore the depiction of a bull, the horns of a further animal and a motif known from other monuments that has often been interpreted as an axe (Twohig 1981) but which has also been interpreted as a representation of a whale, and thus as a "mythic animal" (Whittle 2000). The slab can be joined with the ceiling stones of two other monuments, the Table des Marchands dolmen and the Er Vinglé tomb, at Locmariaquer, at a distance of 4 km. The three slabs appear to have once formed a massive 14m standing stone, similar to the great broken menhir of Locmariaquer, which broke or was broken, to be reused as three ceiling slabs, its decorations deliberately obscured.</p><br>
<h2>Replica</h2><br>
<p>A replica of part of the Gavrinis passage with its decorated slabs can be visited in the Museum at the megalithic necropolis of Bougon, (Deux-Sèvres).</p><br>
<h2>Bibliography</h2><br>
<p>Charles-Tanguy Leroux, Gavrinis et les mégalithes du golfe du Morbihan, Éditions Jean-Paul Gisserot, 2006.</p><br>
<p>J. LHelgouacH, "Les Idoles qu&#39;on abat", Bulletin de la Société Polymatique du Morbihan 110, 1983, pp 57–68.</p><br>
<p>Charles-Tanguy Le Roux, "New excavations at Gavrinis", Antiquity 59, 1985, pp 183–187.</p><br>
<p>Charles-Tanguy Le Roux, "Gavrinis et les îles du Morbihan", Guides archéologiques de la France, Paris, Ministère de la Culture, 1985.</p><br>
<p>Charles-Tanguy Le Roux, J.P. Gisserot, Paris 1995.</p><br>
<p>CASSEN, S. et J. LHelgouacH, 1992. Du Symbole de la crosse: chronologie, répartition et interprétation. XVIIème colloque interrégional sur le Néolithique: Vannes 1990, actes. Rennes: RAO, supplément 5:223-235.</p><br>
<p>Twohig, E.S., 1981. The Megalithic Art of Western Europe, Oxford: Clarendon</p><br>
<p>Whittle, Alisdair, "Very Like a Whale: Menhirs,Motifs and Myths in the Mesolithic-Neolithic Transition of Northwest Europe", Cambridge Archaeological Journal, 10, 2000, pp 243–259.</p><br>
<p>Mount Odin is a mountain in Qikiqtaaluk, Nunavut, Canada. It is located in Auyuittuq National Park along the Akshayuk Pass, 46 km north of Pangnirtung and south of Mount Asgard. Mount Odin is the highest mountain on Baffin Island.</p><br>
<p>Mount Odin is the highest mountain within the Baffin Mountains as well as the fifth-highest in the Arctic Cordillera. It has a topographic prominence of 2,147 m, greater than any other mountain within the Baffin Mountains and on Baffin Island, making Odin the third-highest mountain in Nunavut by topographic prominence.</p><br>
<p>Comparing absolute peaks, Mount Odin is the fifth-highest in Nunavut. The higher points in Nunavut are: Barbeau Peak on Ellesmere Island (the highest point in Nunavut at 2,616 m), two unnamed peaks on Ellesmere Island, (one at 2,347 m located at 78° 48 N, 79° 34 W and one at</p><br>
<p>2,201 m located at 80° 17 N, 75° 05 W) and Outlook Peak on Axel Heiberg Island, which at 2210 m is just 63 m higher than Mount Odin.</p><br>
<p>The mountain is named after Odin, the chief of the gods in Norse mythology and Norse paganism.</p><br>
<h2>Geography</h2><br>
<p>Mount Odin has an impressive rocky south face which drops into the Weasel River. To the north, the area is glaciated.</p><br>
<p>Foteino  is a village  in the municipal unit of Kompoti in the regional unit of Arta, Greece. In 2011 its population was 178.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>The old name of the village, Hósiana (Χώσιανα), appears for the first time in 1696, in a historic document in which the villages of Arta asked the Venetian Republic for protection from pirates.</p><br>
<p>In 1899, a new church was built by destroying a small old one, dating to the early 12th century</p><br>
<p>The village was constituted as a separate commune with the 186/10.08.1947 government gazette (ΦΕΚ). Until then it was part of the commune of Ano-Petra. With ΦΕΚ 195/23.07.1953, its name changed from Hosiana to Fotino, and with law 2539/1997, as part of the Kapodistrias reforms, the commune became a municipal district of the municipality of Kompoti.</p><br>
<p>The Broomfield Rowhouse is located at 2502-2504 Lake Street in the Near North Side neighborhood of Omaha, Nebraska. It was designed by African American architect Clarence W. Wigington, who was later regarded as a master in his field. His design for the house won a 1909 Good Housekeeping competition. The house is listed on the National Register of Historic Places.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>This historic rowhouse was built in the wake of the Easter Sunday Tornado of 1913 which ravaged Midtown and North Omaha. The building was designed by Clarence W. Wigington, a well-known African American architect raised in Omaha. The influence of Wigington&#39;s mentor, Thomas R. Kimball, is evident throughout the design of the structure. Wigington originally designed the building in 1909 for a contest organized by Good Housekeeping magazine. He won first prize for the best two-family dwelling.</p><br>
<p>In a recent biography of the architect, the Minnesota Historical Society described the building:</p><br>
<p>Cap Wigington, An Architectural Legacy in Ice and Stone, Minnesota Historical Society Press. p 28.</p><br>
<p>The rowhouse&#39;s original owner was Jack Broomfield, a key African-American political leader during the reign of Tom Dennison, informal political boss in the city.</p><br>
<p>According to the Omaha preservation organization Landmarks, Inc., the Broomfield Rowhouse was selected for the Register under the following criteria:</p><br>
<p>The Nash Block, also known as the McKesson-Robbins Warehouse and currently as The Greenhouse, is located at 902-912 Farnam Street in Omaha, Nebraska. Designed by Thomas R. Kimball and built in 1907, the building is the last remnant of Downtown Omaha&#39;s Jobbers Canyon. It was named an Omaha Landmark in 1978, and was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1985.</p><br>
<h2>About</h2><br>
<p>The Nash Block was composed of two identical warehouse buildings, built in 1905 for one of Omahas wealthy elite, Catherine B. Nash. Thomas R. Kimball designed the building as the first factory-warehouse in Omaha with the modern fire protection elements, including brick enclosures for stairs and elevators, fireproof doors and an automatic sprinkler system. The two buildings first occupants relied on the citys railroads, and the buildings proximity to them.</p><br>
<p>The M. E. Smith Company was the largest and most important dry goods firm in Omaha at the turn of the century. The building was later occupied for many years by the McKesson-Robbins Drug Company, and is still often referred to by that name. The northern-most building was razed to construct the Gene Leahy Mall and in 1989 the remaining building was renovated into apartment units known as "The Greenhouse."</p><br>
<p>Kennicott Grove is an area of prairie and wooded lands that includes the home of John Kennicott  and his family, including his son Robert Kennicott . John Kennicott was an agriculturalist and a doctor. Robert Kennicott was a naturalist and an explorer, who founded the Chicago Academy of Sciences. The grove is 123 acre in size. It is located near the intersection of Milwaukee Ave. and Lake Ave. in Glenview, Illinois, in the United States. Kennicott Grove was declared a National Historic Landmark in 1976. The site is maintained by the Glenview Park District as The Grove National Historic Landmark or also The Grove, and contains a nature interpretive center, historic buildings , and nature trails.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>John A. Kennicott was born near Saratoga, New York, in 1802. Kennicott taught in Buffalo, New York, then attended the Fairfield Medical College. Upon graduation, he taught for a year in Mississippi, then opened a medical office in New Orleans, Louisiana in 1829. Seven years later, Kennicott moved with his wife and two sons to Northfield Township, Cook County, Illinois, an area that was almost completely undeveloped. He made a claim of several hundred acres 15 mi south of Half Day between Lake Michigan and the Des Plaines River. Naming his homestead "The Grove" for the abundance of trees, Kennicott built a house on it around 1856.</p><br>
<p>Kennicott was the only physician in a wide circuit, at least 10 mi in radius from The Grove. In the early 1840s, with his son Charles, Kennicott planted the first commercial nursery in the area. Botany increasingly became an interest for Kennicott, and he planted every kind of shrub that he could find during his travels. After co-founding the Illinois State Agricultural Society, Kennicott began to provide nurserymen with free scions from varieties grown at The Grove. Kennicott died at his home on June 4, 1863.</p><br>
<p>Robert Kennicott, John&#39;s second son, would become a renowned naturalist. Too sickly to attend public school, Kennicott was educated at The Grove and spent much of his youth outside on the property. Kennicott collected plants and animals there and taught his siblings to do the same. He identified dozens of new species at the Smithsonian Institution and co-founded the Chicago Academy of Sciences in 1857. While on the Western Union Telegraph Expedition in Russian America in 1866, Kennicott died of heart failure.</p><br>
<p>Kennicott descendant Bertha Redfield had the Redfield Estate built in 1929. The Tudor Revival house was designed by George Grant Elmslie. Three years later it became home to her daughter, author Louise Redfield Peattie, who was married to author Donald Culross. Donald&#39;s A Prairie Grove (1938) describes his experiences at The Grove.</p><br>
<h2>Grounds</h2><br>
<p>Kennicott Grove was originally about 250 acre of heavily wooded land with several ponds. The house, first built in 1856, has seen a number of additions and renovations. A south room and a kitchen wing branch off from a large rectangular building. The south room was added some time before 1878. A porch surrounding it was added around 1920. The exterior of the house features few details. The only decoration is in the treatment of eaves and some patterns around the second floor windows; it is otherwise plain board and batten. This type of siding is unusual in Illinois and distinguishes it from nearby architecture. The design was probably influenced by the popularity in the 1850s of works by Andrew Jackson Downing and Alexander Jackson Davis. Downing was an acquaintance of John Kennicott and may have been involved in the design, although the boxiness of the main section is unusual for a typical Downing house.</p><br>
<p>In 1973, a real estate group attempted to purchase a portion of The Grove&#39;s lands for a residential development project. The prompted the formation of the Save The Grove Committee, who attempted to have the site recognized by the National Park Service (NPS). Their efforts succeeded when the property was listed on the National Register of Historic Places on August 13, 1973. Zenith made a 6 acre donation of land to Glenview in July 1974, including the main house. By the next February, Glenview had extended the acquisition with an additional 30 acre. The Save the Grove Committee became the Grove Heritage Association in 1976, following recognition of the site by the NPS as a National Historic Landmark on January 7. With $1,000,000 in funds from the state and federal government, another 82 acre were added by the fall of 1979. The last major purchase came in 1995, when another 41 acres were added.</p><br>
<p>The Grove Heritage Association has led efforts to maintain the property. The original house was restored in 1983 and the schoolhouse followed in 1987. New buildings were added to the campus to improve the educational value: an interpretive nature center was built in 1989 and a replica Potawatomie loghouse opened in 1997. The most recent addition was a fireproof and waterproof archives building to store family papers and artifacts. Approximately 200,000 visit The Grove each year.</p><br>
<p>The Highland Park Water Tower is a water tower in the Highland Park area of Saint Paul, Minnesota. It was designed by Clarence W. Wigington, the nation&#39;s first African-American municipal architect. The tower was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1986. It was completed in 1928 at a cost of $69,483.</p><br>
<p>The octagonally-shaped tower, on the second-highest of seven hills in Saint Paul, is constructed of brick and cut Kasota and Bedford stone. It is between 127 and 134 feet high and holds 200,000 gallons of water in a steel tank. It is topped with an arched observation deck, open to the public on two special occasions per year (Highland Fest and the second weekend in October) for those willing to climb 151 steps. Beneath the observation deck, it is ornamented with carved downspouts and shields. The tower has been virtually unaltered since it was originally built. The Highland Park water tower service area of Saint Paul is bounded by Dayton Avenue on the north, Edgcumbe Road on the south and east, and Fairview Avenue on the west, but the tower is no longer in active service. At its highest point, the tower reaches 440 feet in elevation above sea level. Its width at the base is 40 feet, and its width at the top observation deck is 36 feet.</p><br>
<p>Ganryū-jima is an island in Japan located between Honshū and Kyūshū, and accessible via ferry from Shimonoseki Harbor.</p><br>
<h2>Name</h2><br>
<p>It is famous for the duel between Miyamoto Musashi and Sasaki Kojirō. The small island was named for its boat-like appearance, and later came to be called after the Ganryū kenjutsu school Kojirō had founded.</p><br>
<h2>Features</h2><br>
<p>On the island are a few monuments as well as facilities for public gatherings such as an annual tug-of-war. Along the west coast is a walking path.</p><br>
<h2>Industry</h2><br>
<p>The western half of the island is currently being used by Mitsubishi Heavy Industries as a storage facility for its ship manufacturing and drydocks in Shimonoseki across the harbor.</p><br>
<h2>Sports hosting</h2><br>
<p>New Japan Pro Wrestling held two matches on the island. On October 4, 1987, Antonio Inoki defeated Masa Saito. On December 18, 1991, Hiroshi Hase defeated Tiger Jeet Singh.</p><br>
<p>The Charleston Arsenal was a United States Army arsenal facility in Charleston, South Carolina, seized by state militia at the outbreak of the American Civil War. On June 21, 1996, it was added to the National Register of Historic Places as Porter Military Academy.</p><br>
<p>The arsenal was constructed in 1841 near the intersection of Ashley Avenue and Mill Street in Charleston. It served as a storage place for weapons, ordnance, and ammunition for the USA Army in antebellum days. (An earlier Federal arsenal, the Old Citadel, was taken out of service and after became a part of The Citadel.) The Charleston arsenal produced a considerable amount of artillery and small arms ammunition during the Mexican-American War and up to the Civil War.</p><br>
<p>With the secession of South Carolina in December 1860, the Arsenal became a target for Charleston militia. South Carolina troops seized the arsenal in late December, and the Confederates held it for much of the war. Josiah Gorgas had the arsenal enlarged and modernized with the installation of steam power. For a time, it was used a barracks to house Confederate troops, including the 26th South Carolina. The arsenal was finally retaken by Union troops in 1865 when Charleston finally fell.</p><br>
<p>On July 16, 1866, the USA government designated the 11.26 acre site as a Federal Military Reservation, but in 1879 the Army closed the arsenal. The building and land were sold in 1888, to the Porter Military Academy which occupied the site until it built a new campus west of the Ashley River, and in 1963 the site became part of the Medical University of South Carolina.</p><br>
<h2>Waring Historical Library</h2><br>
<p>The building now houses the Waring Historical Library, the special collections and rare book library for the Medical University of South Carolina. The collections include books, journals, manuscript items and museum artifacts about the history of the health sciences. The library is open for visitors by appointment.</p><br>
<p>The Library also includes the Macaulay Museum of Dental History, which features a collection of dental memorabilia, dental chairs and a traveling dentist&#39;s chest of the Civil War era. The museum is open for tour by appointment with the Library.</p><br>
<p>Saint Paul&#39;s Episcopal Church  is a historic church in Norfolk, Virginia, United States. Built in 1739, it is the sole colonial-era building which survived the various wars that Norfolk has witnessed. The church has played host to several different denominations throughout its history. Originally an Anglican church, the building was home to a Baptist parish in the early-19th century and was finally converted back into an Episcopal church.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<h3>Tenants</h3><br>
<p>During the Revolutionary War, the Church of England was disestablished in Virginia and replaced with the Protestant Episcopal Church in America. The Elizabeth River Parish of this new church was divided in 1797 by two feuding congregations. One faction formed Christ Church (which later became Christ and St. Lukes Church), while the other retained the building until 1803, when it was acquired by Baptists. The Episcopalians reclaimed the building in 1832, and Bishop Richard Channing Moore reconsecrated it under the name Saint Pauls.</p><br>
<h3>In wartime</h3><br>
<p>Following his defeat at the Battle of Great Bridge, Lord Dunmore attacked Norfolk from the sea as he fled Virginia on January 1, 1776. In retaliation, patriots set fire to the homes of loyalists; however, the fire became unmanageable, and nearly the entire town was destroyed by the flames. The church was the only major building in the city to escape substantial damage in the assault, though a cannonball (purportedly fired by the Liverpool) did strike its wall. By the 1830s, the cannonball was no longer embedded in the wall. However, it was discovered buried in the yard of the church, and returned to its original resting place in the 1840s, and remains there today. During the Civil War, the building acted as a chapel for the Union army, and was returned after the surrender of Robert E. Lee, though it required extensive repairs.</p><br>
<p>Visiting the church while in Norfolk during World War II, Lord Louis Mountbatten is reputed to have said that Dunmore&#39;s cannonball "damn near missed" its target.</p><br>
<h2>Notable ceremonies</h2><br>
<p>General Douglas McArthur requested to be buried in Norfolk, Virginia, where his mother had been born and where his parents had married. Accordingly, his funeral service was held in St Paul&#39;s and his body was finally laid to rest in the rotunda of the Douglas MacArthur Memorial (the former courthouse in Norfolk) on 11 April 1964.</p><br>
<p>Wales Island is an island on the North Coast of British Columbia, Canada, situated east of the Dixon Entrance at the entrance to Portland Inlet.</p><br>
<p>35 square miles in area, Wales Island is 30 mi north of the port city of Prince Rupert, and 55 mi south-east of Ketchikan, Alaska.</p><br>
<p>Wales Island is bounded on the north by the Pearse Canal and Wales Passage, and by Tongass Passage and Portland Inlet to the south. The international boundary between Alaska and British Columbia bisects Pearse Canal over a distance of 25 mi, such that the view from the north-west shore of Wales Island looks out over Alaska, specifically, Fillmore Island in the Misty Fjords National Monument. Within Canada, Pearse Island lies to the northeast.</p><br>
<p>In August 1793, during his exploration of the west coast of North America in HMS Discovery, Captain George Vancouver named Wales Point, at the entrance to Portland Inlet, after William Wales, master of the Royal Mathematical School at Christ&#39;s Hospital, London. Both Wales and Vancouver had accompanied Captain James Cook on his second circumnavigation of the globe in, 1772-75. At the time, George Vancouver was a young midshipman, and William Wales was the ship’s astronomer. Vancouver later credited Wales with teaching him the necessary navigational skills which enabled his own explorations of the Pacific region in the early 1790s. Vancouver also accompanied Captain Cook on his third and final voyage, 1776-79.</p><br>
<p>In 1871, an official at the British Hydrographic Office named Wales Island in association with the point of land named 78 years earlier by Captain Vancouver.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>For an obscure island in a remote corner of the B.C. coast, Wales Island was to play a pivotal role in the often contentious Alaska Boundary Dispute between Canada and the United States. This dispute had its roots in the 1825 treaty signed by Russia and Great Britain, which attempted to define, in principle more than fact, the boundary that lay between Alaska and what was then the west coast of British North America. Included in the terms of this treaty was the stipulation that the southernmost boundary of Alaskan territory would advance northwards through Portland Canal to the 56th parallel north. This demarcation was claimed to have placed Wales Island firmly in Alaskan territory.</p><br>
<p>There the matter lay until Russia sold Alaska to the United States in 1867, and British Columbia became a province of Canada four years later, in 1871. Between this period and the final settlement of the boundary question in 1903, survey crews from both Canada and the United States actively explored, mapped and charted the high mountains, deep fjords, glaciers and bogland of this rugged terrain, often in collaboration. In 1896, the military intervened in the form of the United States Army Corps of Engineers, which constructed four stone houses in the Portland Canal area. This was done to strengthen America’s claim to the Canal as the southernmost boundary of Alaska. One of these sturdy structures was built on the south shore of Wales Island, while another, on the border between Stewart, BC and Hyder, Alaska, can still be seen today.</p><br>
<p>Two years later, the potential mineral wealth of the far north, as revealed by the Klondike Gold Rush of 1898, convinced both Canada and the United States that a new Alaska boundary treaty was urgently required.</p><br>
<p>This renewed interest in the region led eventually to the signing of the Hay-Herbert Treaty in January, 1903. The terms of the treaty provided for a tribunal to settle the boundary question in precise geographical language. Thus, over the next several months, the Alaska Boundary Tribunal, with Canadian, American and British representatives, duly measured, mapped and deliberated, before delivering its award in October of that year. Among the many consequences of this final demarcation of the boundaries of the Alaskan Panhandle was the result that Wales Island now belonged to British Columbia.</p><br>
<p>In 1902, while Wales Island was still claimed to be in USA territory, a salmon cannery was built on the east shore of Pearse Canal, on the north-west side of the island. But as a result of the 1903 Tribunal Award, the American owners of the cannery forfeited possession of their facility, which by then had produced more than 3500 cases of canned salmon.</p><br>
<p>Coda: In 1936, the USA Congress granted $100,000 to the former American owners of Wales Island Cannery, as compensation for the loss of their property 33 years earlier.</p><br>
<h2>Ecology</h2><br>
<p>Wales Island lies on the northern edge of the Hecate Lowland Ecosection, a once heavily glaciated band of narrow lowland rain forest and coastal archipelago that stretches from Portland Inlet in the north to Queen Charlotte Strait in the south. Hecate Lowland terrain is generally rough and rocky, with wide areas of muskeg wetland and bog forest. Tree species include western red cedar, yellow cedar, mountain hemlock and fir. Salal, ferns, berry bush and skunk cabbage are commonly found undergrowth. Lowland climate in the Wales Island region is dominated by frontal flows from Dixon Entrance, resulting in frequent wind storms and heavy rainfall.</p><br>
<p>Waterfowl are found in abundance throughout the protected inlets and estuaries that indent Wales Island’s coastline of 33 mi. Species include murre, grebe, murrelet, gull, tern, loon, auklet, petrel and eagle. The island’s topography affords a profusion of breeding and nesting habitat for a wide variety of seabirds, and is an integral component of the Pacific coast migratory flyway.</p><br>
<p>Traveston Crossing Dam was a proposed water project that was initiated by the state government of Queensland, Australia, in 2006 as a result of a prolonged drought which saw South-East Queensland&#39;s dam catchment area receive record-low rain. The project was cancelled in November 2009, after being refused approval by federal Environment Minister Peter Garrett.</p><br>
<h2>Planning</h2><br>
<p>The dam was proposed to stretch from the Traveston Crossing Bridge near Amamoor, 160 kilometres (99 miles) north of Brisbane, south and affect the areas surrounding Bergins Pocket and Kandanga. The dam would have affected major transport arteries through the area, including the North Coast Railway Line and the Bruce Highway.</p><br>
<p>The planned damming of the Mary River was not a popular idea with local residents who would have been directly affected by its construction, nor for the wider national and international community concerned about the impact on the many endangered and vulnerable species living in the river. There was strong opposition to the dam from the wider and international community based on environmental concerns related to the endangered Mary River cod, Mary River turtle, giant barred frog, Cascade tree frog, Coxens fig parrot, the vulnerable Queensland lungfish, tusked frog, honey blue-eye fish, the Richmond birdwing butterfly and the Illidges ant blue butterfly. There were also fears for the dugong, a globally vulnerable species. It was alleged that reduced fresh water flows to the Great Sandy Strait would have affected the growth of seagrass, the Dugong&#39;s primary food source.</p><br>
<p>The Mary River turtle and the Queensland lungfish attracted particular attention regarding their conservation. The turtle, whose only known home is the Mary River, is a cloacal ventilator (bum breather - it uses oxygen from water taken in through its tail), and is listed in the top 25 most endangered turtle species in the world. The Lungfish also has great significance to evolutionary biologists. It requires the rapids in order to breed, and much of its breeding habitat had already been interrupted by other dams in Queensland. Professor Jean Joss of Macquarie University stated, in a submission to the Senate Inquiry 2007: "The Mary River dam would almost certainly push the lungfish to Critically Endangered, and in the long term will lead to its extinction in the wild." The Mary River Cod, which only lives naturally in the Mary River system, is already Critically Endangered. It is completely protected, and it is illegal to fish them.</p><br>
<p>Some believed that it was necessary to create more jobs in the area and to enhance South East Queensland&#39;s water security; however many others in the Gympie business community believed they would have their jobs destroyed, with many industries badly affected, particularly industries such as dairy farming. People in the farming industries in the area, who would have lost their farms with the construction of the dam, considered the area to be amongst the best food-producing land in Australia. Fishermen in the Tin Can Bay area relying on flows into the Great Sandy Straight were also concerned about the environmental impact of reduced flows to their area on the sustainability of their region and industry. Farmers downstream from the dam believed the dam would have had a devastating economic impact. Chairman of the Greater Mary Association, Darryl Stewart, stated: "Estimated annual economic downturn in the downstream communities could be around 500 million, especially affecting agriculture, fishing and tourism. And there would be serious social consequences. The downstream effects of this proposed dam will be far worse than the effects in the dam footprint."</p><br>
<p>The Mary River flows into the Great Sandy Strait, near wetlands of international significance recognised by the International agreement of the Ramsar Convention and Fraser Island World Heritage Area, which attracts thousands of visitors every year.</p><br>
<h2>Construction delays</h2><br>
<p>Other than road building, dam construction did not go ahead while Commonwealth approval was pending. Construction of the dam was delayed by four years.</p><br>
<p>In 2007, the Federal Government of Australia held a Senate Inquiry on the issue. In November 2008 the Federal Senate passed a non-binding motion seeking to permanently stop the dam&#39;s construction.</p><br>
<h2>Opposition to the dam</h2><br>
<p>The proposed dam aroused opposition from many groups and organisations, from local farmers and fisherman to environmentalists and politicians (both nationally and internationally).</p><br>
<p>Fraser Island Defenders Organisation, John Sinclair, stated, "The dramatic reduction and almost total blockage of environmental flow into this most significant estuary will heavily impact on these very sensitive aspects of marine ecology."</p><br>
<p>The Australian Conservation Foundation campaigned for the protection of species such as the Mary River Turtle, the Queensland Lungfish and the Mary River Cod.</p><br>
<p>The Gubbi Gubbi Aboriginal people, whose land would have been affected by the dam, were offered an agreement by the Queensland government worth more than $1 million, which the Gubbi Gubbi people flatly refused. Regarding the Mary River Dam Dr Eve Fesl stated, “We said we would have nothing to do with it. We’re not going to sign away our history, our culture, the Mary Valley. No way,” and, “They couldn’t give a damn about the Mary River. They saw the dollar signs and they wet their pants,” she said. She also stated, "Our whole history and culture will be washed out if that dam is built. But not only that, a number of threatened species could be wiped out.”</p><br>
<p>Greens Senator Bob Brown said, "the dam should be opposed because it would flood thousands of hectares of prime food-producing land near Brisbane, Aboriginal heritage sites and the main nursery for the world famous Australian Lungfish. I&#39;ve told the minister there is no way he should allow the major breeding ground for the Queensland Lungfish or the Mary River Turtle, or Mary River Cod, to be obliterated." "If the rest of Australia knew what damage was being proposed on the Mary River, they would stand up and stop this dreadful dam!"</p><br>
<p>Sunshine Coast Government MPs and environmentalists "called on the State Government to scrap the Traveston Dam after it yesterday revealed plans for desalination plants at Marcoola, Kawana and Bribie Island." Sunshine Coast Regional Council Mayor Bob Abbot "told thedaily.com.au the announcement confirmed what the Mary River council of mayors had been saying more than a year ago - that the Traveston Dam should be scrapped - and that alternatives such as desalination properly explored." Fiona Simpson stated, "this strategy and the Water Commissioner’s comments left no doubt that the Traveston Dam was a political decision and desalination was a better and more reliable option."</p><br>
<p>A University of Technology, Sydney report stated that "the proposed Traveston Dam near Gympie could pump up to 400,000 tonnes of greenhouse emissions into the atmosphere each year" and “even desalination, itself a last resort in a severe drought, would result in fewer emissions at 280,000 to 350,000 (annual tonnes) to yield the same quantity of water".</p><br>
<p>According to the Australian Conservation Foundation, "Eighty five per cent of Brisbane residents agree the Queensland Government should consider alternatives to building Traveston Dam according to a poll released by the Australian Conservation Foundation".</p><br>
<p>The independent expert Associate Professor Keith Walker says that the mitigation and offset strategies such as the Freshwater Species Conservation Centre were inadequate, risky and ill-defined and that the proposed fish and turtle ladders were unproven.</p><br>
<p>"Don&#39;t Murray the Mary" Environmental campaigner Steve Posselt, who protested the dam by kayaking 861 kilometres (535 miles) to raise awareness of the environmental impact of damming the Mary River, stated that "Traveston Crossing Dam will be less than 2m deep over a great percentage of its area. Evaporation is somewhere between 1.5 to 2 m per annum. Wivenhoe Dam is not a deep dam and suffers similarly from significant greenhouse gas generation. The longer the water level is low between fills, the more vegetation regeneration occurs. There is no escaping the fact that on an average annual basis large volumes of methane are produced when this vegetation rots. Methane is more than twenty times more powerful as a greenhouse gas than CO2(Carbon dioxide)."</p><br>
<p>The Great Sandy Strait depends on the Mary River to sustain its complex ecosystem. Fraser Island is the largest sand island in the world and is also of huge significance to Aboriginal Australian history. The Great Sandy Strait lies between the western fringes of World Heritage Listed Fraser Island and the south-east Queensland coast. Most of its eastern side is within the World Heritage Area and its beauty and unique ecology attract thousands of tourists annually. It is listed under the Ramsar Convention as a Wetland of International Significance and is also one of Australia’s most important nesting sites for migratory trans-equatorial shorebirds.</p><br>
<h2>Cancellation</h2><br>
<p>Construction of the dam was cancelled on 2 December 2009 by Peter Garrett the Minister for the Environment, Heritage and the Arts under the Environment Protection and Biodiversity Conservation Act 1999 on the grounds of "Listed Threatened species and communities".</p><br>
<p>The Edgar Zabriskie Residence is located at 3524 Hawthorne Avenue in the Bemis Park neighborhood of Omaha, Nebraska, United States. It was built in 1889 as one of the first homes in Bemis Park. The house was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1978 and was designated an Omaha Landmark in 1980.</p><br>
<h2>About</h2><br>
<p>The Zabriskie Residence is regarded as one of the finest Queen Anne style structures in Omaha. Edgar Zabriskie was a ship officer, American Civil War veteran, Union Pacific general agent and accountant. He was one of the first purchasers of a lot in Bemis Park, a new residential suburb in the 1880s. The house was designed by a firm operated by Benjamin Fowler and Charles Beindorff, who also designed a number of important civic buildings throughout the city. After it was built the Zabriskie Residence and carriage house sat along on a hill overlooking the Bemis Park development for nearly a decade. It was only in the early 20th century did the development grow.</p><br>
<p>The Zabriskie House has multiple wall surfaces, high multiple rooftops, a round turret, straight and round-arched windows and prominent gables and chimneys. The house is currently in excellent condition, including still-functioning original gas lamps throughout the house.</p><br>
<p>The J. L. Brandeis and Sons Store Building is located at 210 South 16th Street in the central business district of Omaha, Nebraska. Formerly the headquarters location of the Brandeis Department Store chain, it currently holds apartments and condominiums. The building was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1982.</p><br>
<h2>About</h2><br>
<p>The original eight stories were constructed in 1906 and were designed by architect John Latenser, Sr. in Neo-Renaissance style. The structure cost $1 million to build. Two more stories were later added to the building in 1921. Though the building was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1982, it has been through a series of several internal remodeling ventures that have had mixed results. In early 2008, the building was purchased by Townsend Inc, of Overland Park, Kansas, and was converted to a high-end mixed use residential and commercial space. The building was divided into three subdivisions: the lowest floor, "The Pavilion", has area reserved for commercial space, the management offices and security. There is also a refurbished food court with local and national food vendors, flat screen televisions and a fountain. Floors two to seven ("The Renata") are reserved for high-end apartments, with the second floor housing a fitness center and movie theater for building residents. Floors eight and nine ("The Enclave") consist of luxury condominiums that are separate and secure from the apartments. The building also features an on-site concierge and heated underground parking. The tenth floor at the top of the building, originally a gorgeous ballroom, is now converted into one-bedroom apartments.</p><br>
<p>The Khwae Noi River  is a river in northern Thailand. It shares the same name as another river in Thailand, the popular tourist attraction also known as "The River Kwai." These are two distinct bodies of water.</p><br>
<h2>Etymology</h2><br>
<p>The first element khwae (Thai: แคว) means tributary. The second element noi (Thai: น้อย) means small.</p><br>
<h2>Geography</h2><br>
<p>The river&#39;s source lies in the mountains of Chat Trakan District, Phitsanulok Province, within Namtok Chat Trakan National Park. From there, it flows past the agricultural lands of in the Chat Trakan District, and through the Wat Bot, Wang Thong and Phrom Phiram Districts. Finally, the Khwae Noi River joins the Nan River within Chom Thong, Mueang Phitsanulok District. The Khwae Noi River is part of the Chao Phraya River System which ultimately drains into the Gulf of Thailand.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>The Khwae Noi River has historically been a main waterway, highly significant to the residents of Phitsanulok Province and surrounding areas.</p><br>
<p>The Khwae Noi River, along with the larger Nan River brought growth and prosperity and served as a communication route for Phitsanulok, and the two rivers gave rise to riparian ways of life which heavily influenced the simple traditional culture of the Thai people in the region.</p><br>
<h2>Tributaries</h2><br>
<p>The principal tributaries of the Khwae Noi are the Om Sing River and the Fua River.</p><br>
<h2>Khwae Noi Dam Project</h2><br>
<p>In recent times, due to climate change, the river has flooded during rainy seasons and damaging valuable farmland and also carrying too much water into the Nan (of which it is a tributary), thereby causing further damage. During the dry season, the water level has been too low, causing drought and harming the agricultural communities in its proximity.</p><br>
<p>As a result of increasing problems with the flow of the river, the royally-initiated Khwae Noi Dam Project was begun in Wat Bot.</p><br>
<p>Construction of the dam was completed in 2008.</p><br>
<p>The Monti Picentini is a mountain range and national park in southern Italy, part of the Apennines, traditionally part in the Campanian Apennines. They are included between the Monti Lattari, the Partenio mount, the Irpinian plateau and the Sele river valley. The chain is included in the Monti Picentini Regional Park.</p><br>
<p>The highest peak is the Monte Cervialto (1,809 m), in the eastern sector, followed by the Monte Terminio (1,783 m), which is instead in the western part of the range.</p><br>
<h2>Geology, landscape and climate</h2><br>
<h3>Overview</h3><br>
<p>The range is mostly made up of dolostone and limestone rocks, different from the surroundings areas, which are dominated by sandstone rocks. A central depression, joining the valleys of the Calore Irpino and Tusciano rivers, divided the range in two geologically different sectors: the western one, where rocks are predominantly dolostone, and the eastern one, mostly made up of limestone and has generally a less sharp landscape.</p><br>
<p>Karst topography is widely present, from which, in the valleys below, originates several springs.</p><br>
<p>Snow is present in winter over 1,000 m of altitude. Vegetation is generally low, somewhere mixed with chestnut woods.</p><br>
<h3>Rivers</h3><br>
<p>Rivers starting from the Monti Picentini include:</p><br>
<p>*Sele</p><br>
<p>*Tusciano</p><br>
<p>*Picentino</p><br>
<p>*Calore Irpino</p><br>
<p>*Sabato</p><br>
<p>*Ofanto</p><br>
<p>The Firnley Islands  is a group of three small islands covered with tundra vegetation and with scattered stones on their shores. They lie in the Kara Sea, close to the bleak coast of Siberia&#39;s Taymyr Peninsula, not far east of the Nordenskjold Archipelago. These islands lie about 35 km from the continental shore.</p><br>
<p>The Firnley Islands were named by Fridtjof Nansen after Thomas Fearnley, a Norwegian merchant who was one of the main financiers of the Fram expedition. They were also explored later by the Arctic Ocean Hydrographic Expedition.</p><br>
<h2>Geography</h2><br>
<p>The Firnley Islands are covering the entrance to the Vilkitsky Strait from the west.</p><br>
<p>They are all relatively small islands, Dlinnyy, the largest of the group, is only about 5 km in length.</p><br>
<p>The sea surrounding the islands is covered with fast ice in the winter, which is long and bitter, and the climate is exceptionally severe. The surrounding sea is obstructed by pack ice even in the summer, so that these islands are connected with the mainland for most of the year.</p><br>
<p>This island group belongs to the Krasnoyarsk Krai administrative division of the Russian Federation. It is also part of the Great Arctic State Nature Reserve, the largest nature reserve of Russia.</p><br>
<p>The Firnley Islands were named by Fridtjof Nansen after Thomas Fearnley, a Norwegian merchant who was one of the main financiers of the Fram expedition.</p><br>
<h3>Adjacent islands</h3><br>
<p>Although located relatively close by, the following islands are usually not considered part of the Firnley group:</p><br>
<p>Moristy Island 77&deg;19&prime;N latitude, 100&deg;18&prime;E longitude is a round isolated island located 20 km north of the Firnley group. Moristy is 600 m across.</p><br>
<p>Lishny Island 76&deg;57&prime;N latitude, 100&deg;27&prime;E longitude lies 35 km further SSE of Yuzhnyy Firnleya, north of Toll Bay and 16 km from Cape Sterligov on the coast. Lishniy is 1.3 km long and 650 m wide.</p><br>
<p>Levinson-Lessing Island (Ostrov Levinsona-Lessinga) 77&deg;01&prime;N latitude, 101&deg;17&prime;E longitude is located close to the shore, 23 km to the NE of Lishniy. This 7 km long island was named after prominent Russian geologist Feodor Yulievich Levinson-Lessing.</p><br>
<p>Horseshoe Lake is a reservoir that was formed by the Horseshoe Dam on the Verde River in the USA state of Arizona. This lake is located inside the Tonto National Forest, as such the facilities located here are managed by that authority. Located upstream and north of Bartlett Lake, Horseshoe Lake is the first of the Salt River Project lakes to be very low when irrigation and domestic water requirements dictate. As a result, it can be virtually dry for long periods of time causing the boat ramp to be entirely out of the water.</p><br>
<p>To reach Horseshoe Lake, take Cave Creek road north out of Phoenix to Bartlett Dam road. About 10 miles before your reach Bartlett Lake take a left on Horseshoe Dam Rd. This road will be a washboard with a few pot holes and possibly a small stream to cross during the rainy seasons. This road will lead you right to the lake.</p><br>
<h2>Fish species</h2><br>
<p>Largemouth bass</p><br>
<p>Smallmouth bass</p><br>
<p>Crappie</p><br>
<p>Sunfish</p><br>
<p>Catfish (channel)</p><br>
<p>Catfish (flathead)</p><br>
<p>Trout</p><br>
<p>Bartlett Lake is a reservoir that was formed by the damming of the Verde River in the USA state of Arizona. It is downstream and to the south of Horseshoe Reservoir. Constructed in 1936&ndash;39 by the Salt River Project, the Bartlett Dam and reservoir were named for Bill Bartlett, a government surveyor. Bartlett Lake was the first reservoir built on the Verde River.</p><br>
<p>Bartlett Lake, located 48 mi from downtown Phoenix and 17 mi northeast of Carefree, is a popular recreation area in the Tonto National Forest. After wet winters, the Bartlett Lake area often has fine displays of spring wildflowers. The facilities at Bartlett Lake are managed by the Forest Service.</p><br>
<h2>Sport fishing and other recreation</h2><br>
<p>Species inhabiting the lake, at about 1,600 ft above sea level, include largemouth bass, smallmouth bass, crappie, sunfish, channel catfish, flathead catfish, carp, crayfish, and bullfrogs. The nearest town with fuel, groceries, fishing tackle, restaurants, and other amenities is Carefree. At the lake itself, it is possible to rent boats and buy fishing licenses, fuel, groceries, and fishing equipment.</p><br>
<p>The lake and its surrounds offer opportunities for swimming and waterskiing, camping and picnicking. Trailer spaces and restrooms are available. Users must obtain a USA Forest Service Tonto Pass and perhaps pay other fees for various uses of Bartlett Lake.</p><br>
<p>The Gulf of Zula, also known as Annesley Bay, Baia di Arafali or Zula Bahir Selat’ē, is a body of water on the Eritrean coastline on the Red Sea.</p><br>
<h2>Geography</h2><br>
<p>The Gulf lies 15 km to the east of Massawa, near the midpoint of the Eritrean coast. It is located between the Foro Subregion and the Buri Peninsula of the Ghelaelo Subregion, both in the countrys Northern Red Sea region. On the west side of the gulf are two large mountains, Jebel Gedem 925 m and Mount Arbalu 2,404 m. Between the two, the Aligede River flows, with the village of Zula on its right bank. The coast of the gulf is fringed with mangroves on either side of the mouth of the river. The egyptologist Henry Salt identified Zula as the ancient archaeological site of Adulis.</p><br>
<p>Near the head of the gulf is the village of Arafali, beside the extinct Dola Volcano 161 m. From here, several roads radiate into the surrounding areas. To the east of the gulf lies the Buri Peninsula. This generally low-lying, undulating area is composed of lava flows at the southern end and granite at the north. Fringing reefs border much of this coast. About 20 km beyond Arafali is Dolphin Cove, with a low, flat beach, backed by a steep rise to Mount Abdur 245 m behind. 14 km further on is the narrow Melita Bay with the village of Macanille at its head. Here there are coastal reefs and mangrove swamps.</p><br>
<p>The Gulf of Zula is a deep water bay, formed as part of the complex rifting system that occurred in these parts where three tectonic plates meet. The rift continues inland to the Danakil Depression, a sandy plain lying 120 m below sea level. The gulf also marks the territorial division between the Saho people and the Afar people.</p><br>
<p>Tile Hill Wood is a wood between Hawthorn Lane and Banner Lane in the Tile Hill area of Coventry, England. It has been designated as a Site of Special Scientific Interest and a Local Nature Reserve. It is stewarded by the Coventry and District Natural History and Scientific Society. It is a mixed deciduous and coniferous woodland covering 69.92 acre, with examples of Norway Spruce, European Larch and Hazel coppice, together with Sycamore, Oak, Spruce, Birch, Chestnut, Ash and Pine.</p><br>
<p>There are specially-built paths suitable for people with disabilities (660 m). These have metal tap rails for people with visual impairment.</p><br>
<p>From 1930, Coventry Corporation established the wood as a Nature Reserve and it had a regular forester assigned to it. Rides were kept clear and the removal of waste was carried out by horse and cart rather than by tractor or lorry. During the Second World War, large areas of scrub and conifers were cleared to reduce the risk of fire from air-raids. During the cyclonic gale of March 1947, five acres (2 ha) of mature spruce were uprooted. These were replaced with young trees over several years, and helped to alter the ecological balance of the reserve.</p><br>
<p>The wood received SSSI status in 1952. The status was renewed in 1986 under the Wildlife and Countryside Act of 1981.</p><br>
<p>The Old Orange County Courthouse, at one point also known as the Santa Ana County Courthouse, is a Romanesque Revival building that was opened in September 1901 and is located in Santa Ana&#39;s Historic Downtown District on Civic Center and Broadway streets. The Old Orange County Courthouse is officially recognized as California Historical Landmark No. 837 and is also on the National Register of Historic Places.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>The city of Santa Ana was established in 1869 by William Spurgeon on 74.27 acre of land purchased from the old Spanish land grant, Rancho Santiago de Santa Ana. Orange County, California, was formed in 1889 by William Spurgeon and James McFadden and Santa Ana was chosen as the county seat of government because of its larger growth as a town over surrounding towns namely Orange.</p><br>
<h2>Museum</h2><br>
<p>The courthouse now stands as a museum and has been used as a favorite location for different movies and television shows. It features as the exterior of Briarcliff Manor in American Horror Story: Asylum.</p><br>
<p>Jardines del Rey  is an archipelago off the northern coast of Cuba, in the northern parts of the provinces of Ciego de Ávila and Camagüey.</p><br>
<h2>Overview</h2><br>
<p>Jardines del Rey developed on the coral reef system that lines Cuba&#39;s shore, between the Atlantic Ocean, the Bay of Buena Vista and Bay of Jiguey. The reef, part of the Sabana-Camagüey Archipelago, extends for 200 km on a north-west to south-east direction.</p><br>
<p>Jardines del Rey Airport is located on Cayo Coco. Additional access to Cayo Coco and Cayo Guillermo is by a causeway that connects the islands to mainland Cuba.</p><br>
<h2>Cays</h2><br>
<p>Of the many cays and islands that compose Jardines del Rey, the most important are (from north to south):</p><br>
<p>*Cayo Guillermo</p><br>
<p>*Cayo Coco</p><br>
<p>*Cayo Romano</p><br>
<p>*Cayo Guajaba</p><br>
<p>*Cayo Sabinal</p><br>
<p>Other islands include Cayo Santa María, Cayo Paredón Grande and Cayo Cruz.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>The islands were named in 1513 by Spanish conquistadors to honor their king, Ferdinand II of Aragon.</p><br>
<p>In the 16th century, the islands were refuges for corsairs and pirates. Jacques de Sores is said to have used one as a base of operations for his attacks of Santiago de Cuba in 1554. In the 19th century, they were used as a point of entry for illegal slave ships after the slave trade was officially abolished.</p><br>
<h2>El Bagá Nature Park</h2><br>
<p>Bagá Nature Park (Parque Natural El Bagá) was established on 29 December 2002 on land reclaimed from the former Cayo Coco Airport. Named for the Baga tree (árbol del pan), it extends over 69 hectares of forests and lagoons on Cayo Coco and onto neighboring cays.</p><br>
<p>The park has an interpretative centre, a walkway through a Bagá forest, a Taíno village and fauna exhibits (crocodiles, iguanas, flamingos and Cuban hutias). The archipelago is a natural habitat for Caribbean flamingos (Phoenicopterus ruber).</p><br>
<p>The Farm Creek Section, also known as the Farmdale Geologic Exposure, is a hillside near East Peoria, Illinois that clearly showed geological strata. It is nationally significant as one of the first exposed glacial stratifications in the United States to be scientifically documented. These Ice Age geological formations, with rock layers representing different periods of glaciation, had long been known and published in England, France, and Germany, but were not yet well known in North America. Geologist Frank Leverett discovered this exposed face of a hill with its clearly defined stratifications in 1879 and described and pictured it in his monograph, The Illinois Glacial Lobe, in 1899.</p><br>
<p>The Farm Creek publication gave a name to the Illinoian glaciation, the southernmost penetration of glacial ice into what was to become the Midwestern United States. It also helped formulate regional and national stratigraphic classifications and has figured prominently in the study and development of glacial geology.</p><br>
<p>A 15 acre area of the Farm Creek Section was declared a National Historic Landmark in 1997.</p><br>
<p>The site is on the south side of Farm Creek (a tributary of the Illinois River) in the Farm Creek Recreation Area, south of Illinois Route 8 (Washington St.) and between School Street and Bittersweet Road, and is accessible by following an unpaved road, part of which is an abandoned right of way formerly in use by the Toledo, Peoria and Western Railroad. The formation is largely covered by a modern soil layer. Some erosion has occurred in the time since its initial discovery, but the layers of strata are still readily discernible.</p><br>
<p>Homestake Pass is a mountain pass in the Rocky Mountains of Montana in the United States. It sits on the Continental Divide on the border between Jefferson County and Silver Bow County, six miles south-southeast of Butte in Beaverhead-Deerlodge National Forest at an elevation of 6,329 ft.</p><br>
<p>The pass was discovered by Edwin Harrison McHenry, a civil engineer working for the Northern Pacific Railway, who was tasked with locating a route for the NP from the main line near Logan, Montana through to Butte. The line over the pass from Logan to Garrison, Montana via Butte became the Rocky Mountain Division, Second and Fourth Subdivisions, built in 1889. This was Northern Pacifics scenic transcontinental passenger train route used by the famous North Coast Limited and its Amtrak successor, the North Coast Hiawatha, which was discontinued in 1979. The line over the pass is currently owned by BNSF Railway. It has been inactive since 1983, as its grades and curvature are poorly suited to freight trains, which (now operated by Montana Rail Link) utilize the former Northern Pacifics easier route via Helena. It is unlikely that the rail line over the pass will ever be used again, but BNSF has resisted tearing out the line because the original lease with the Northern Pacific and the US Forest Service requires that the grade be returned to its original status, a very costly process.</p><br>
<p>When Interstate 90 was built, the state of Montana used Homestake Pass to cross the Continental Divide, thereby providing an easier alternative to the US Route 10 route over the Divide at Pipestone Pass.</p><br>
<p>A trail running race currently takes place annually on the Continental Divide Trail between Homestake Pass and Pipestone Pass. Hosted by Butte&#39;s Piss and Moan Running Club, the Wulfman CDT 14k is held on the Saturday closest to the Summer solstice.</p><br>
<p>The Farm House, also known as the Knapp–Wilson House, is the oldest building on the campus of Iowa State University in Ames, Iowa. Now a museum open to the general public, this house was built 1861-65 as part of the model farm that eventually became Iowa State. It was designated a National Historic Landmark in 1964 for its association with agriculturist and teacher Seaman A. Knapp and with USA Secretary of Agriculture James Wilson, both of whom lived here while teaching at Iowa State.</p><br>
<h2>Description and history</h2><br>
<p>The Farm House is located near the center of the Iowa State campus, on the west side of Farmhouse Lane. It is a two story structure, built primarily out of brick, and set on a stone foundation. The brick walls, fashioned out of locally sourced clay, were clad in limestone stucco in 1909 because they were crumbling. The interior is largely reflective of a major remodeling conducted about the same time. In 1972 the university undertook a major restoration of the building to restore it to its c. 1910 appearance.</p><br>
<p>The land for what became Iowa State was donated by Story County farmers in 1858 and 1859, and the farm was developed over the following five years, slowed by the ongoing American Civil War. Iowa Agricultural College opened on the farm in 1869. In 1880 Seaman Knapp was appointed farm superintendent and professor of practical and experimental agriculture. Knapp would later become influential in the promotion of modern rice-growing practices in the American South. In 1891 James Wilson moved into the house, which he would occupy until 1897, when he is offered the post of United States Secretary of Agriculture, a post he would hold for thirteen years. The house was occupied for much of the first half of the 20th century by Professor Charles F. Curtiss, under whose tenure the houses major alterations were made. In 1948 the house was converted into a dormitory for women, and its plant was updated again. In 1970 Dean Floyd Andre, whose family occupied it since 1950, moved out. Andres lobbying to preserve the building from demolition succeeded, and it was opened as the Farm House Museum in 1976.</p><br>
<p>Forester Pass is a mountain pass in the Sierra Nevada. Located on the Kings-Kern Divide on the boundary between Sequoia National Park and Kings Canyon National Park, Forester Pass connects the drainages of Bubbs Creek and the Kern River. At 13,153 ft, Forester Pass is the highest point along the Pacific Crest Trail.</p><br>
<p>Originally discovered by a group of United States Forest Service workers, it was subsequently named in their honor.</p><br>
<p>On August 26, 1930, four men, including 18-year-old were injured during construction of the trail over the pass. A boulder let loose during blasting of the trail crushed Mr. Downs&#39; arm. The men were evacuated by stretcher, Downs to Baxter Cabin and the others to Independence. Mr. Down’s arm was amputated. He died on Sept. 2, 1930 from complications of surgery. A plane crashed at Tyndall Creek after dropping medicine for Downs. A plaque commemorating his death is found on the southern side of the pass, most easily seen while walking in a northerly direction.</p><br>
<p>Pipestone Pass is a mountain pass in the Rocky Mountains of Montana in the United States. It sits on the Continental Divide in Silver Bow County, Montana, 10 miles south of Butte, Montana in Beaverhead-Deerlodge National Forest at an elevation of 6,453 ft .</p><br>
<p>The Chicago, Milwaukee, St. Paul and Pacific Railroad (commonly known as the Milwaukee Road) used the pass for its crossing of the Continental Divide on its mainline between Chicago, Illinois and the Pacific Northwest. The line was built as part of the Milwaukee Roads Pacific Extension, which was completed in 1909. The railroad line cut under the pass via the 2,290 ft Pipestone Pass Tunnel at an elevation of 6,347 ft (1,935 m). The line was electrified in 1915 and served the Milwaukee Roads premium transcontinental passenger train, the Olympian (later the Olympian Hiawatha). A poor competitive position against the rival Burlington Northern Railroad and substantial losses caused the Milwaukee Road to abandon the line in 1980.</p><br>
<p>Pipestone Pass was also used (without a tunnel) as the Continental Divide crossing for USA Highway 10, dating from 1926. This road is now designated as Montana Highway 2 and known locally as "The Harding Way", the name being coined in honor of President Warren G. Harding on the occasion of his visit to Butte.</p><br>
<p>A trail running race currently takes place annually on the Continental Divide Trail between Pipestone Pass and Homestake Pass. Hosted by Butte&#39;s Piss and Moan Running Club, the Wulfman CDT 14k is held on the Saturday closest to the Summer solstice.</p><br>
<p>The Fort Des Moines Provisional Army Officer Training School was a military base and training facility on the south side of Des Moines, Iowa. Established in 1901, the base is notable as the place where African Americans were trained to be officers for the USA Army during World War I, and where women first began training for US Army service in 1942 as part of the Women&#39;s Army Corps. Surviving older portions of the base were declared a National Historic Landmark in 1974 in recognition of this history. The fort property was turned over to the city in the 1950s, and has since been put a number of public and private uses.</p><br>
<h2>Military history</h2><br>
<p>There have been three forts called Fort Des Moines. This one, the third, was established in 1901 on 640 acre, several miles south of downtown Des Moines, and at the time outside the city boundary. Initially founded as a base for cavalry, the fort was built out beginning in 1903 with barracks, stables, officers&#39; quarters, and other facilities for this use. In 1917 the first officer candidate class of African Americans in US military history, trained at Fort Des Moines, and received commissions. Also in 1917 a training camp for black medical personnel began, and in 1918 the fort was used for the treatment of World War I casualties.</p><br>
<p>In the 1920s and early 1930s the fort again housed military units, some cavalry, and some artillery. In 1933–34 it was used as a Civilian Conservation Corps camp. With the entry of the United States into World War II, the fort was used as a training center for women, for service in the Armys Womens Army Corps. After the war, the fort housed veteran soldiers for a time, and was turned over to the city in the early 1950s. In 1949, a portion of the old post grounds became a USA Army Reserve training center, which it continues to the present.</p><br>
<h2>Later history</h2><br>
<p>Much of the original 640-acre base was sold off for development as the city grew. The main surviving portion of the base, organized around the parade ground, is located at the northwestern corner of that land. Portions of the former base are now used as the Blank Park Zoo, and part of the parade ground has had an apartment complex built on it. Despite this, a number of the fort&#39;s buildings still stand, mainly on the southern and eastern edges of the parade ground. These buildings, including barracks, quarters, and stables, are now used for a variety of civic and commercial purposes. These surviving elements of the fort were designated a National Historic Landmark in 1974, in recognition of their role in the advancement of African Americans and women in the United States military forces.</p><br>
<p>The Fort Des Moines Museum and Education Center honors the USA Armys first officer candidate class for African American men in 1917, and the establishment of the first Womens Army Auxiliary Corps (WAAC&#39;s) in 1942.</p><br>
<p>Monte Sarmiento is a pyramidal peak with a glaciated saddle-shaped summit located within Alberto de Agostini National Park, in the Chilean portion of Tierra del Fuego. It rises abruptly from the east shore of the Magdalena Channel and marks the western border of the Cordillera Darwin. The mountain is frequently shrouded in clouds, but when it is visible is "the most sublime spectacle in Tierra del Fuego" according to the words of</p><br>
<p>Charles Darwin, one of the many people who have been captivated by the beauty of this mountain.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>The mountain was called "Volcán Nevado" (Snowy Volcano) by Pedro Sarmiento de Gamboa, who thought it was a volcano. Phillip Parker King named it Mount Sarmiento in honor of the mentioned explorer.Voyages of the Adventure and Beagle, Volume I – Retrieved on 2007-10-08</p><br>
<p>Several unsuccessful attempts were made to reach its summit, including those of</p><br>
<p>Martin Conway in 1898 and of Alberto María de Agostini in 1913.</p><br>
<p>The eastern summit of Monte Sarmiento was climbed on 7 March 1956 by an expedition including the Italian mountaineers Clemente Gueret and Carlo Mauri. It was organized by.</p><br>
<p>The West Summit was climbed on 24 December 1986 by an Italian expedition of Ragni di Lecco including Gigi Alippi, Salvatore Panzeri, Lorenzo Mazzoleni, Pinuccio Castelnuovo, Bruno Pennati, Clemente Maffei, Gian Maria Confalonieri, Franco Baravalle, Salvatore Fantozzi e Luciano Bovina. This opened a new route on the North Face.</p><br>
<p>The west summit of Monte Sarmiento was climbed in 1995 by a party including the British mountaineers Stephen Venables, John Roskelley and Tim Macartney-Snape. (Source: Ollie, by Stephen Venables). A German team composed of Robert Jasper, Jörn Heller and Ralf Gantzhorn, climbed the North Face to the western summit on April 4, 2010. This team followed the route opened in 1986.</p><br>
<h2>In literature</h2><br>
<p>The mountain is mentioned in the novels Twenty Thousand Leagues Under the Sea and Robur the Conqueror, both by Jules Verne.</p><br>
<h2>In cinema</h2><br>
<p>An attempt to climb the mountain in 2003 is the subject of the Brazilian documentary film Extremo sul.</p><br>
